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Green/Sustainability > Solar > Flashcards

Solar Flashcards

1
Q

What is the STC wattage m2

A

1000 w square meters

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2
Q

What is STC degrees

A

25 degrees is what ?

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3
Q

Air mass for STC is

A

1.5

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4
Q

A string inverter works in a ? Circuit

A

Series

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5
Q

A micro inverter works in a ? Circuit

A

Parallel circuit

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6
Q

What is the effeciency of string invertor

A

They take the energy from the lowest performing solar panel and use that for all panels. So if a tree shades one panel 20% they all work at 20%

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7
Q

What is PPA

A

Power purchase agreement where you lease the panels and it goes on your roof. Price is lower but you never own panels so never get to 0

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8
Q

Remote net metering is what

A

Where you own two buildings with only one having solar so you offset the extra made to the building without

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9
Q

What does an inverter do

A

Changes current from DC into AC for the house

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10
Q

What does a charge controller do

A

Makes sure batteries don’t over or under charge

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11
Q

NEC

A

National electric code

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12
Q

What is article 690

A

The guildlines for solar

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13
Q

What is ballasted rack

A

Solar elevated on a angle good for flat roof

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14
Q

What is independent power producer

A

Someone who generally creates over 100/110 percent of their needs. Not allowed

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15
Q

How much can a panel loose when installed

A

10/20 percent. Power loses from loose wiring inverter dust temperature

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16
Q

What and who created photovoltaic effect ?

A

Alexandre bacquerel 1839 a process that produced voltage or current when exposed to light or radiant energy.

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17
Q

When was the first solar install

A

1883 in nyc Charles Fritta had effeciency of 1/2%

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18
Q

Who created the first viable solar panel

A

Bell labs 1954 10 perfect efficiency

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19
Q

How many solar satellites in 1970

A

1000

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20
Q

What was solar per watt in 1976 and what is average today

A

Cost was $100 PW and US average is $3/4 PW

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21
Q

How much will solar grow annually

A

0.16

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22
Q

What is gallium arsenide

A

The newest in solar cells out perform silicon Max out put 28 watts

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23
Q

What is solar constant

A

Solar constant is the total radiation received from the sun per unit of time and area. The value of the solar constant is 1.366 kilowatts per square meter

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24
Q

Electron

A

Carries a charge and smallest amount of electrical charge possible to have.

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25
Q

What is atomic model

A

Consist of atomic nucleus and electron shell. Electrons move around the nucleus like planets. Electrons are charged negatively while nucleus is composed of uncharged neutrons and positively charge protons. It’s overall charge it’s positive equal electrons and protons.

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26
Q

Beam radiation

A

When the solar panels face exactly towards the sun

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27
Q

Diffuse radiation

A

Diffuse radiation is solar radiation reaching earth’s surface after having been scattered from the direct solar beam by molecules or suspensoids in the atmosphere.

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28
Q

Insolation

A

The total amount of radiation emitted from sun that you can use for solar cells

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29
Q

Heliostat

A

When you follow or track facing directly to sun

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30
Q

When you follow or track facing directly to sun

A

A way to offset change in seasons to get most beam radiation from the sun

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31
Q

A way to offset change in seasons to get most beam radiation from the sun

A

Add or subtract 15 % degree offset to the latitude to accommodate for winter or summer

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32
Q

Azimuth

A

The compass angel as the sun moves East to west solar noon is consider azimuth angle of zero -90 to the East +90 to the west

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33
Q

Zenith

A

This is angle of sun looking up 90% at midday sunrise and sunset 0%

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34
Q

Formula to calculate system size

A

(Energy demand/annual full sun hours)/efficiency = PV system size

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35
Q

Solar insulation map

A

Shows the daily and annual averages for sunlight

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36
Q

which is incident light?

A

a light that falls on a subject (not what is reflected by it)

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37
Q

How much and where is Silicon

A

Very common in crust of earth. 20% of crust is silicon

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38
Q

Pauli exclusion principle

A

Electrons have 4 quantum numbers to fully describe them in an atom. No two electrons can have the same 4 quantum numbers in an atom meaning they repel each other and must move in opposite direction.

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39
Q

PIN structure

A

Positive Intrinsic Negative

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40
Q

What is doping

A

Adding impurities to change resistivity

41
Q

Open circuit

A

Voc - A circuit that is open it has a break current won’t flow

42
Q

Closed circuit

A

Switch closed current will flow

43
Q

Short circuit

A

No resistance is high current

44
Q

Pm

A

Maximum power

45
Q

What does photovoltaic mean

A

Photo is light voltaic is electricity

46
Q

PSH

A

Peak sun hours

47
Q

Solar attenuation

A

The loss of solar irradiance as it passes through the atmosphere

48
Q

When your modules are in series you increase by

A

By voltage

49
Q

When your modules are in parallel you increase by

A

Currents

50
Q

What is an array ?

A

More than one module put together

51
Q

What is IV curve

A

V = volts I = current

52
Q

What is Isc

A

short circuit current

53
Q

What is PV curve

A

P = power V = volts

54
Q

What is Imp

A

Maximum power current

55
Q

Losses in an inverter are from

A

Heat

56
Q

Vmp

A

Max power voltage

57
Q

What does IV curve calculate

A

The max power point

58
Q

To calculate max power point you need

A

Find product of Voc and Isc

59
Q

MPPT

A

Maximum power point tracking charge controller l. Best on market. Converts high voltage produced from solar panel to lower voltage neccasry for battery

60
Q

Shunt controller is ?

A

Simplest of charge controllers on off

61
Q

PWM Pulse width modulation

A

Changes the charge depending on the load. Works 25% 50% 75%

62
Q

Whenever there is resistance it creates

A

Heat

63
Q

AHJ

A

Authorities having jurisdiction

64
Q

How much is a megawatt

A

1000 kilowatts

65
Q

VLSI

A

Very large scale integrated circuit

66
Q

Anti islanding

A

Protection to shut of power going back to the grid if there is a failure or outage in grid

67
Q

In an inverter heat creates what ?

A

Short circuit and damage to system

68
Q

In an inverter what cables do you want

A

Short and think

69
Q

Power optimizer

A

Optimizers the dc power as dc electricity to the battery from an array in a series.

70
Q

Square wave

A

It’s when you have square waves that create harmonica and aren’t good for anything as it’s digital

71
Q

Ohms law

A

Current goes up volts go up v = IR

72
Q

Good conductor has what resistance

A

Low

73
Q

Balance of system

A

BOS -Everything but the solar panels.

74
Q

What is deep cycle batteries

A

Typically lead acid, generally used for small systems last 5/10 years and reclaim about 80% of energy powered into them

75
Q

What is frequency of ac cycles

A

60 hertz or 60 cycles per second

76
Q

Thermodynamics

A

Heat transmitted by Conduction Convection Radiation

77
Q

What is the first Law of thermodynamics

A

Law of Conservation of Energy Energy can’t be created Can’t be destroyed Can’t be changed from one form to another Energy is conserved

78
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics

A

The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of any isolated system always increases Meaning Perpetual motion machine isnt possible Some energy is wasted. Some energy is lost to another form

79
Q

What kind of conductors should you use

A

Use conductors with least amount of resistance Large gauge cables

80
Q

Energy balance

A

Energy supplies equal to energy used by device

81
Q

Energy audit

A

App house hold load in watts Multiply by 1.25 for energy lost

82
Q

Wp

A

Peak watts

83
Q

What’s the average cost of solar installed

A

$20, 000 without rebates or credits

84
Q

What is the potential increase in value to home for adding solar

A

$15 000

85
Q

How much has the cost of solar dropped in last 5 years

A

0.2

86
Q

what is PPW

A

Price per watt

87
Q

What is a gigawatt and how much can it power

A

A gigawatt is one billion watts. It would power 725,000 homes and is more power produced than a conventional power plant

88
Q

In the times of Carona, 3 reasons why solar will grow

A
  • pollution reduction, people see the difference with air quality - the pandemic has us thinking globally, solar is healthier for all - security. Being able to take care of a fear of energy security in a crisis
89
Q

agrivoltaic

A

Mixing of farm and solar

90
Q

Mixing of farm and solar

A

What is a negawatt

91
Q

What is a negawatt

A

A unit of energy saved as a result of conserving

92
Q

DR

A

What happened to Albert Einstein in 1920 and prize?

93
Q

What happened to Albert Einstein in 1920 and prize?

A

In 1921 he won Nobel prize for physics explaining the photovoltaic effect

94
Q

What is albedo

A

The reflection of a surface.

95
Q

What are bifacial solar panels and why are they good

A

Bifacial solar panels expose both the front and back of solar panels. Unlike mono facial panels, They take in reflection from underneath so they can take in the roof reflection, snow, sand in desert. from the ground. Some manufacturers say up too 30% increase in production.

96
Q

Distributed solar

A

Solar that is produced and consumed close to each other

97
Q

STC

A

Standard test conditions

98
Q

How much energy in watts does an average home use?

A

Around 11 000 kilowatts per year 900 per month KWh

Green/Sustainability (3 decks)

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