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CE materials > Soils Final exam > Flashcards

Soils Final exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is Overconsolidated soil?

A

A soil that has felt a pressure greater than a the pressure it feels today

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2
Q

What is a Nonconsolidated soil

A

The pressure today is greater than the max felt ever

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3
Q

Degree of saturation for soil under the water table

A

S = 100%

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4
Q

What is a typlical lift thickness for a soil being placed in the field

A

8 to 9 inches than compressed

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5
Q

Two natural processes that could make a soil overconsolidated

A

Glaciers, GWT lowering

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6
Q

Will raising the GWT cause settlement

A

No, raising the GWT will lower the pressure felt

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7
Q

What is meant by the term piping?

A

The progressive erosion of soil which often leads to failure

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8
Q

What soil property do you get from an unconfined compression test?

A

C = cohesion

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9
Q

When would a zoned earth dam be needed rather than a homogeneous earth dam?

A

When the local soil does not have the properties to be the only soil for the dam. For example, if the local soil has a low friction angle it would need support from a high friction angle soil.

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10
Q

The best method to determine in-situ permeability?

A

Falling head permeability test

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11
Q

Roller compacted concrete dam vs Concrete gravity dam?

A

Roller compacted conc is on a slope and uses less concrete and much stiffer concrete. A gravity dam is a massive wall of concrete that resists water with its weight

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12
Q

What does a direct shear test give you?

A

Cohesion and friction angle
C’ and phi’
C’ should be 0 for sand

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13
Q

Acceptable F.S of bearing capacity

A

3

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14
Q

Sieve analysis

A

gives soilclassification

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15
Q

Proctor compaction test

A

gamma d max and optimum moisture content

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16
Q

1-D consolidation test

A

sigma’c - max pressure ever felt
Cc
Cr

17
Q

Atterburg limit test

A

LL-liquid limit
Pl - Plastic limit

18
Q

Constant head permability test

A

k - Permability of soil

19
Q

What is I sigma for large fills

A

1

20
Q

For NC soils delta P +sigma/ sigma is what when water table is lowered
What is settlement before GWT change

A

Stress after/ stress before

0 in

21
Q

Types of GEO distasters

A

Earthquakes -
Expansive soils
Sinkholes

22
Q

What do Earthquakes causes and how to treat

A

Horizontal ground motion creates shear forces

causes lqiuidifcation(soil strength to 0) of cohesionless, loose and soil under GWT

Treatment - density soil with vibration, dropping big metal on it, and injecting cement into ground

23
Q

What do expansive soils cause and how to treat?

A

Expand when water is added and shrink when its gone (fat clay or (silit and clay))

Prevent by remove and replace soil, control water, lime stabilizer, lower foundation

24
Q

What are sinkholes and how to prevent

A

Soil collapses into rock cavities (caves)
generally limestone, dolomite and gypsum
caves from when water reacts with CO2 to form carbonic acid

Detect by
1. soil borings
2. geology maps
3. photos
4. geophysical tests

Solution
1. avoid the voids
2. fill the voids
3. penitate foundation through the void

25
Q

Cantiliver wall

A

wall with large footing

26
Q

MSE walls - mechanical stabilized earth

A

Reinfoceed rods into soil

27
Q

crib wall

A

Precasts pieces that fit like jenga

28
Q

Foundations types
What factors determine?

A

Shallow, Deep, intermediate

  1. soil strength and compressibility
  2. weight of structure
  3. money
  4. water table
29
Q

Shallow foundations

A

column footing- square
wall footing - continuous
raft foundation - giant concrete slab

30
Q

Deep foundations

A

Drivin piles
Drilled shaft
Caissons

31
Q

Intermediate foundations

A

Helical piers
Geopiers

32
Q

Relative compaction

A

95%

CE materials (6 decks)

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