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Soil Sci 201 > Soils Exam II > Flashcards

Soils Exam II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the best suited purpose of each USDA land capability class? (I, II, V, and VII)

A

I - All
II - Intensive cultivation (some limitations)
V - No cultivation, intensive grazing

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2
Q

What are the 12 soil orders?

A

Andisol, Histosol, Vertisol, Entisol, Inceptisol, Ultisol, Oxisol, Aridisol, Gelisol, Mollisol, Alfisol, Spodosol

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3
Q

Soil order ending in “…ands”

A

Andisols

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4
Q

Soil order ending in “…ists”

A

Histosols

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5
Q

Soil order ending in “…erts”

A

Vertisols

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6
Q

Soil order ending in “…ids”

A

Aridisols

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7
Q

Soil order ending in “…els”

A

Gelisol

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8
Q

Soil order ending in “…olls”

A

Mollisols

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9
Q

Soil order ending in “…alfs”

A

Alfisols

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10
Q

Soil order ending in “…ods”

A

Spodosols

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11
Q

What is the bulk density of most mineral soils in temperate regions that are not compacted?

A

1.2 g/cm3

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12
Q

What is Volumetric water content?

A

The volume of water per volume of soil

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13
Q

Features of Andisols

A

Poorly cystaline clays and glass dominated
Volcanic PM
High Water holding capacity

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14
Q

Features of Histosols

A

20-30% Organic Matter by weight

Not a mineral soil

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15
Q

Features of Vertisols

A

Rich in clay
Highly susceptible to shrink/swell
Has deep cracks up to several inches wide (when dry)

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16
Q

Features of Entisols

A

No B horizon

Little or no soil development present

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17
Q

Soil order ending in “…ents”

A

Entisols

18
Q

Soil order ending in “…epts”

A

Inceptisols

19
Q

Features of Inceptisols

A

Has weak B horizon

Relatively young soil

20
Q

Soil order ending in “…ults”

A

Ultisols

21
Q

Features of Ultisols

A

Highly leached and weathered
Acidic forest soils
Quite old soil

22
Q

Soil order ending in “…oxs”

A

Oxisols

23
Q

Features of Oxisols

A

Contains only Oxide minerals
Not found in WA
Tropic locations

24
Q

Features of Aridisols

A

Contains large amounts of CaCO3
Some subsurface horizon development
Dry most of the year

25
Q

Features of Gelisols

A

Has permenant permafrost

Not found in WA

26
Q

Features of Mollisols

A

Dark, thick A horizon

Grassland locations

27
Q

Features of Alfisols

A

Moderately leached
Broadleaf forests
High fertility and water holding capacity
Clay accumulation (Bt)

28
Q

Features of Spodosols

A

accumulation of sdsquioxides (Al and Fe)
Bs horizon present
Sandy Coniferous and acidic forests

29
Q

Channeled Scablands formation

A

Shaped by catastrophic floods from northern regions

30
Q

Large eruption about 8000 years ago

A

Mount Mazama

31
Q

Define Particle Density

A

Mass of particles (or solids) per volume of particles (or solids)

32
Q

Estimated Bulk Density for mineral soil in temperate regions

A

1.2 g/cm3

33
Q

Which pores are most important for air movement in soil?

A

Macropores

34
Q

Why is good aggregation important?

A

Increases soil porosity
Increases number of Macropores
Increases easy movement of air and water

35
Q

What measurement is used to quatify the shrink-swell tendency of soils?

A

Coefficient of Linear Extensibility (COLE)

36
Q

What will water do if Soil A = -300kPa and Soil B = -500kPa

A

Move from soil A to soil B

37
Q

What components of total water potential effects water flow direction in a saturated Soil?

A

Gravitational and pressure potential

38
Q

The components of total water potential

A

Pressure Potential
Gravitational Potential
Osmotic Potential
Matric Potential

39
Q

Difference between Adhesion and Cohesion

A

Adhesion - Attraction of water to soilds

Cohesion - Attraction of water to water

40
Q

What conditions must be present for Osmotic pressure to also be present?

A

A semi-premeable membrane and solutes

41
Q

How to quantify field capacity

A

Approximately at -30kPa

Moist, well drained soil

42
Q

How does OM help with compaction?

A

Reduces compaction

Increases aggregate stability

Soil Sci 201 (1 decks)

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