Soils Exam II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the best suited purpose of each USDA land capability class? (I, II, V, and VII)

A

I - All
II - Intensive cultivation (some limitations)
V - No cultivation, intensive grazing

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2
Q

What are the 12 soil orders?

A

Andisol, Histosol, Vertisol, Entisol, Inceptisol, Ultisol, Oxisol, Aridisol, Gelisol, Mollisol, Alfisol, Spodosol

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3
Q

Soil order ending in “…ands”

A

Andisols

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4
Q

Soil order ending in “…ists”

A

Histosols

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5
Q

Soil order ending in “…erts”

A

Vertisols

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6
Q

Soil order ending in “…ids”

A

Aridisols

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7
Q

Soil order ending in “…els”

A

Gelisol

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8
Q

Soil order ending in “…olls”

A

Mollisols

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9
Q

Soil order ending in “…alfs”

A

Alfisols

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10
Q

Soil order ending in “…ods”

A

Spodosols

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11
Q

What is the bulk density of most mineral soils in temperate regions that are not compacted?

A

1.2 g/cm3

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12
Q

What is Volumetric water content?

A

The volume of water per volume of soil

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13
Q

Features of Andisols

A

Poorly cystaline clays and glass dominated
Volcanic PM
High Water holding capacity

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14
Q

Features of Histosols

A

20-30% Organic Matter by weight

Not a mineral soil

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15
Q

Features of Vertisols

A

Rich in clay
Highly susceptible to shrink/swell
Has deep cracks up to several inches wide (when dry)

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16
Q

Features of Entisols

A

No B horizon

Little or no soil development present

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17
Q

Soil order ending in “…ents”

18
Q

Soil order ending in “…epts”

A

Inceptisols

19
Q

Features of Inceptisols

A

Has weak B horizon

Relatively young soil

20
Q

Soil order ending in “…ults”

21
Q

Features of Ultisols

A

Highly leached and weathered
Acidic forest soils
Quite old soil

22
Q

Soil order ending in “…oxs”

23
Q

Features of Oxisols

A

Contains only Oxide minerals
Not found in WA
Tropic locations

24
Q

Features of Aridisols

A

Contains large amounts of CaCO3
Some subsurface horizon development
Dry most of the year

25
Features of Gelisols
Has permenant permafrost | Not found in WA
26
Features of Mollisols
Dark, thick A horizon | Grassland locations
27
Features of Alfisols
Moderately leached Broadleaf forests High fertility and water holding capacity Clay accumulation (Bt)
28
Features of Spodosols
accumulation of sdsquioxides (Al and Fe) Bs horizon present Sandy Coniferous and acidic forests
29
Channeled Scablands formation
Shaped by catastrophic floods from northern regions
30
Large eruption about 8000 years ago
Mount Mazama
31
Define Particle Density
Mass of particles (or solids) per volume of particles (or solids)
32
Estimated Bulk Density for mineral soil in temperate regions
1.2 g/cm3
33
Which pores are most important for air movement in soil?
Macropores
34
Why is good aggregation important?
Increases soil porosity Increases number of Macropores Increases easy movement of air and water
35
What measurement is used to quatify the shrink-swell tendency of soils?
Coefficient of Linear Extensibility (COLE)
36
What will water do if Soil A = -300kPa and Soil B = -500kPa
Move from soil A to soil B
37
What components of total water potential effects water flow direction in a saturated Soil?
Gravitational and pressure potential
38
The components of total water potential
Pressure Potential Gravitational Potential Osmotic Potential Matric Potential
39
Difference between Adhesion and Cohesion
Adhesion - Attraction of water to soilds | Cohesion - Attraction of water to water
40
What conditions must be present for Osmotic pressure to also be present?
A semi-premeable membrane and solutes
41
How to quantify field capacity
Approximately at -30kPa | Moist, well drained soil
42
How does OM help with compaction?
Reduces compaction | Increases aggregate stability