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Soils > Soils 1 > Flashcards

Soils 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is soil?

A

a natural body covering the earth’s surface in which plants grow

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2
Q

Physical Composition: Soils are comprised of?

A

solids
liquids
gases

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3
Q

6 soil forming factors

A 
Parent Material
Organisms
Climate
Topography
Time
Man
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4
Q

Parent Material

A

original material from which the soil has developed

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5
Q

what does parent material consist of

A

unconsolidated partially weathered mineral or organic material

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6
Q

Igneous Rocks

A

form when molten rock cools

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7
Q

Sedimentary Rocks

A

form when sediment laid down by water is “cemented together” over time

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8
Q

Metamorphic Rocks

A

existing rock subjected to heat and pressure causing physical or chemical change

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9
Q

Sedentary - Residuum

A

develop when underlying rock weathers in place

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10
Q

Transported - Colluvium

A

detatch and move down slope via gravity

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11
Q

Transported - Alluvium

A

rivers or stream

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12
Q

Three types of Alluvium

A

floodplains
alluvial fans
deltas

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13
Q

Transported - Aeolian

A

soils formed in silt sized particles deposited by WIND

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14
Q

Transported - Marine

A

Soils that formed in residue of ancient sea beds, now dry land

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15
Q

Transported - Lacustrine

A

soils formed in residues of ancient lakes

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16
Q

Three types of weathering

A

biological
chemical
mechanical

17
Q

Grass has a _____ pH level

A

neutral

18
Q

Time - Very young

A

Parent material

19
Q

Time - Adolescent

A

A Horizon

C Horizon

20
Q

Time - Mature

A

A Horizon
B Horizon
C Horizon
Exposed bedrock

21
Q

Time - Very Old

A

Clay

22
Q

O Horizon depth

A

0”-2”

23
Q

A Horizon depth

A

2”-10”

24
Q

E Horizon depth

A

thin

25
Q

B Horizon Depth

A

10”-30”

26
Q

C Horizon Depth

A

30”-40”

27
Q

O Horizon

A

“O” stands for organic matter, surface layer, large amounts of organic material

28
Q

A Horizon

A

Top Layer of the soil, zone where the most biological activity occurs

29
Q

E Horizon

A

pale, thin layer leached of its mineral and organic content, largely composed of silcates

30
Q

B Horizon

A

“subsoil” mineral layers that may contain some clay or minerals such as iron or aluminum oxides

31
Q

Plow Layer

A

the layer of soil that has been cultivated

32
Q

Solum

A

Soil that has formed from parent material

33
Q

Regolith

A

unconsolidated material above the bedrock

34
Q

Hard pan

A

compacted layer just below the cultivation reach (choose different cultivation depths)

Soils (1 decks)

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