Soils 1

Question 1

What is soil?

Answer 1

a natural body covering the earth’s surface in which plants grow

Question 2

Physical Composition: Soils are comprised of?

Answer 2

solids
liquids
gases

Question 3

6 soil forming factors

Answer 3

Parent Material
Organisms
Climate
Topography
Time
Man

Question 4

Parent Material

Answer 4

original material from which the soil has developed

Question 5

what does parent material consist of

Answer 5

unconsolidated partially weathered mineral or organic material

Question 6

Igneous Rocks

Answer 6

form when molten rock cools

Question 7

Sedimentary Rocks

Answer 7

form when sediment laid down by water is “cemented together” over time

Question 8

Metamorphic Rocks

Answer 8

existing rock subjected to heat and pressure causing physical or chemical change

Question 9

Sedentary - Residuum

Answer 9

develop when underlying rock weathers in place

Question 10

Transported - Colluvium

Answer 10

detatch and move down slope via gravity

Question 11

Transported - Alluvium

Answer 11

rivers or stream

Question 12

Three types of Alluvium

Answer 12

floodplains
alluvial fans
deltas

Question 13

Transported - Aeolian

Answer 13

soils formed in silt sized particles deposited by WIND

Question 14

Transported - Marine

Answer 14

Soils that formed in residue of ancient sea beds, now dry land

Question 15

Transported - Lacustrine

Answer 15

soils formed in residues of ancient lakes

Question 16

Three types of weathering

Answer 16

biological
chemical
mechanical

Question 17

Grass has a _____ pH level

Answer 17

neutral

Question 18

Time - Very young

Answer 18

Parent material

Question 19

Time - Adolescent

Answer 19

A Horizon

C Horizon

Question 20

Time - Mature

Answer 20

A Horizon
B Horizon
C Horizon
Exposed bedrock

Question 21

Time - Very Old

Answer 21

Clay

Question 22

O Horizon depth

Answer 22

0”-2”

Question 23

A Horizon depth

Answer 23

2”-10”

Question 24

E Horizon depth

Answer 24

thin

Question 25

B Horizon Depth

Answer 25

10"-30"

Question 26

C Horizon Depth

Answer 26

30"-40"

Question 27

O Horizon

Answer 27

"O" stands for organic matter, surface layer, large amounts of organic material

Question 28

A Horizon

Answer 28

Top Layer of the soil, zone where the most biological activity occurs

Question 29

E Horizon

Answer 29

pale, thin layer leached of its mineral and organic content, largely composed of silcates

Question 30

B Horizon

Answer 30

"subsoil" mineral layers that may contain some clay or minerals such as iron or aluminum oxides

Question 31

Plow Layer

Answer 31

the layer of soil that has been cultivated

Question 32

Solum

Answer 32

Soil that has formed from parent material

Question 33

Regolith

Answer 33

unconsolidated material above the bedrock

Question 34

Hard pan

Answer 34

compacted layer just below the cultivation reach (choose different cultivation depths)