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Soil Science > Soil Water > Flashcards

Soil Water Flashcards

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1
Q

Soil Water

A

Properties of water that give it the ability to influence soil processes.

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2
Q

Water Polarity

A

Charges are not evenly distributed

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3
Q

Hydrogen Bonding

A

Water is attracted to itself. Responsible for Cohesion and Adhesion.

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4
Q

Cohesion (Surface tension)

A

attraction of molecules to each other (water droplets)

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5
Q

Adhesion

A

attraction of water molecules to solid surface (water drops on a window)

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6
Q

How do trees take up water?

A

Adhesion and Cohesion

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7
Q

Capillary Force

A

Due to adhesion and surface tension (cohesion), water will move upwards against the force of gravity. (thanks to soil micropores)

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8
Q

Do smaller pores (Sand Macropores) have more or less capillary (suction) force?

A

Less

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9
Q

Do larger pores (Clay Micropores) have more or less capillary (suction) force?

A

More

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10
Q

Water is present in soil in what 3 states? (Sponge example)

A
  1. Saturated soil-gravitational water
    * Sponge full of water
  2. Field Capacity
    * Sponge not dripping but still contains water
  3. Permanent wilting point
    * Sponge is completely dry
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11
Q

Saturation

A

All pores filled with water-max water retention of a soil

Water content is equal to TOTAL porosity

Immediately after a rain or irrigation event

Water drains easily from macropores under the influence of gravitational forces

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12
Q

Field Capacity

A

The amount of water a soil can hold against the pull of gravity

Occurs when all gravitational water has drained out, typically 1 to 3 days after saturation.

Macropores are empty. Micropore are still filled with water and this is plant available water.

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13
Q

Permanent Wilting Point

A

Occurs after plants have used all plant available water

Soils that are fine textures or high in organic matter retain the greatest amount of water

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14
Q

Macropores

A

Gravitational pull is stronger than suction force so water drains freely

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15
Q

Micropores

A

Suction forces are greater than gravity so water will be pulled into micropores

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16
Q

Available Water Equation

A

Field Capacity - Permanent Wilting Point

17
Q

Total Macropore Water Equation

A

Saturation - Field Capacity

18
Q

Total Micropore Water Equation

A

Field Capacity - Oven Dry

19
Q

Total Water Holding Capacity Equation

A

Saturation - Oven Dry

20
Q

Can you increase water holding capacity?

A

Yes, with organic matter

21
Q

Which soil texture is ideal for gravitational water, field capacity, AND wilting point?

A

Silt Loam

* Only available in surface soils in NC

22
Q

Why is it bad that Clay can hold the most water?

A

More unavailable water because it’s holding tightly in small micropores.

Clays do not have the greatest available water holding capacity

23
Q

Capillary movement takes place in which pores?

A

micropores

24
Q

True or False: Capillary movement of water occurs due to “suction” force in ciropores

A

True

25
Q

True or False: Capillary movement of water is possible due to the properties of cohesion and adhesion

A

True

26
Q

What soil texture contains the greatest amount of gravitational water after a soaking rain?

A

Loamy sand

27
Q

What is the most efficient type of irrigation?

A

Drip

28
Q

Plant available water is held in…

A

Micropores

29
Q

Which textural class has the greatest capacity to store TOTAL water?

A

Clay

30
Q

Which soil texture has the greatest capacity to hold PLANT AVAILABLE water?

A

Silt loam

31
Q

Define plant available water

A

soil water that is held between field capacity and permanent wilting point

32
Q

Describe field capacity

A

a moist soil condition that occurs after the removal of all gravitational water

33
Q

At field capacity, a root channel would be filled with…

A

air

34
Q

Stormwater runoff in urban areas occurs because

A

concrete has an infiltration rate of zero

35
Q

Which soil texture has the greatest amount of micropores?

A

Silty clay

36
Q

What is the best option for managing urban stormwater runoff?

A

slow water down and promote infiltration into the soil

Soil Science (6 decks)

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