soil science exam 2 Flashcards
What are the physical indicators of water quality?
temperature, turbidity, electric conductivity, viscosity
What are the chemical indicators of water quality
ph-value, metal salt nitrate, phosphate concentration, dissolved oxygen, peptide concentration
How does increased temperature effect water quality?
DO, increased solubility of metals and other toxins, toxicity to organisms, algal blooms
An increase in temperature results in increased evaporation; how does that impact the salinity of water?
increased salinity
How does decreased temperature effect water quality?
alter migration timing, decrease fish spawning, change egg hatching timing, reduced photosynthesis resulting in decrease in aquatic plants and decreased metabolic rate
What are the factors impacting water temperature?
weather, stormwayer, loss of shading, cooling water, dams, groundwater inflow, evaporation rate, streamflow
Is increasing turbidity better for aquatic life?
no
How can we measure turbidity in the lake?
secchi disk
What is the total dissolved solid concentration of fresh, brakish, and saline water
<1500, 1500-5000, 5000+
What is the relation between turbidity and dissolved oxygen content of the water?
higher turbidity, lower DO
What are sources of water- color and odor
color: inorganic matter as rocks, soil and stones. odor: organic materials dissolved gases, and inorganic compounds
Fish will prefer water with lower dissolve oxygen(DO) or higher DO?
higher
What causes the change in water pH (lower and higher pH)?
acidity from mineral acids, salts, and co2. presence of bicarbonate ions, carbonate ions, and hydroxide ions
What causes the hardness of water
chlorine, presense of magnesium and calcium ions entering water from rock and soil
What is the biological oxygen demand (BOD)?
amount of dissolved oxygen that microoganisms need to break down organic materials in water
What is the BOD level of a very good, fair, poor, and very poor quality of water?
1-2,3-5,6-9,10+
What is biomagnification and bioaugmentation?
Bioaccumulation is the process by which toxins enter the food web by building up in individual organisms, while biomagnification is the process by which toxins are passed from one trophic level to the next (and thereby increase in concentration) within a food web.
What is the point and non-point sources of water pollution?
Point-source pollution is easy to identify. As the name suggests, it comes from a single place. Nonpoint-source pollution is harder to identify and harder to address. It is pollution that comes from many places, all at once
What is eutrophication?
process of enrichment of
water bodies by inorganic nutrients leading toexcessive plant and algal growth
What causes eutrophication?
process of enrichment of water bodies by inorganic nutrients, leading to excessive plant and algal growth
How does eutrophication impacts water quality?
deteriorates it due to harmful algal bloom and creating dead zones. Lowers ph of seawater.
What are the impacts of droughts?
destruction of crops, erosion of soil, severe shortage of water supply
What are the three factors that impact drought conditions?
intensity, area, lasting period
What are the types of droughts?
agricultural, socioeconomic, hydrological, meteorological
With the increasing time what type of Drought occurs?
socio-economic
What are the causes of drought>
low precipitation, climate change, changes in the jet stream, dry season
What are the types of floods?
riverine, coastal
Why flood occurs?
riverine: heavy rainfall, geographic location, high tide, soil/land compactness, global warming and sea level rise, earthquakes and landslides, failure of levees and dams
What are the good and bad effects of flood?
Bad: human life threat, harms wildlife, sedimentation and erosion, carry contamination, floods spread diseases
Good: carry nutrients, recharge groundwater, trigger breeding events and migration, boost fish stocks, bring life to wetlands
