soil science exam 2

Question 1

What are the physical indicators of water quality?

Answer 1

temperature, turbidity, electric conductivity, viscosity

Question 2

What are the chemical indicators of water quality

Answer 2

ph-value, metal salt nitrate, phosphate concentration, dissolved oxygen, peptide concentration

Question 3

How does increased temperature effect water quality?

Answer 3

DO, increased solubility of metals and other toxins, toxicity to organisms, algal blooms

Question 4

An increase in temperature results in increased evaporation; how does that impact the salinity of water?

Answer 4

increased salinity

Question 5

How does decreased temperature effect water quality?

Answer 5

alter migration timing, decrease fish spawning, change egg hatching timing, reduced photosynthesis resulting in decrease in aquatic plants and decreased metabolic rate

Question 6

What are the factors impacting water temperature?

Answer 6

weather, stormwayer, loss of shading, cooling water, dams, groundwater inflow, evaporation rate, streamflow

Question 7

Is increasing turbidity better for aquatic life?

Answer 7

no

Question 8

How can we measure turbidity in the lake?

Answer 8

secchi disk

Question 9

What is the total dissolved solid concentration of fresh, brakish, and saline water

Answer 9

<1500, 1500-5000, 5000+

Question 10

What is the relation between turbidity and dissolved oxygen content of the water?

Answer 10

higher turbidity, lower DO

Question 11

What are sources of water- color and odor

Answer 11

color: inorganic matter as rocks, soil and stones. odor: organic materials dissolved gases, and inorganic compounds

Question 12

Fish will prefer water with lower dissolve oxygen(DO) or higher DO?

Answer 12

higher

Question 13

What causes the change in water pH (lower and higher pH)?

Answer 13

acidity from mineral acids, salts, and co2. presence of bicarbonate ions, carbonate ions, and hydroxide ions

Question 14

What causes the hardness of water

Answer 14

chlorine, presense of magnesium and calcium ions entering water from rock and soil

Question 15

What is the biological oxygen demand (BOD)?

Answer 15

amount of dissolved oxygen that microoganisms need to break down organic materials in water

Question 16

What is the BOD level of a very good, fair, poor, and very poor quality of water?

Answer 16

1-2,3-5,6-9,10+

Question 17

What is biomagnification and bioaugmentation?

Answer 17

Bioaccumulation is the process by which toxins enter the food web by building up in individual organisms, while biomagnification is the process by which toxins are passed from one trophic level to the next (and thereby increase in concentration) within a food web.

Question 18

What is the point and non-point sources of water pollution?

Answer 18

Point-source pollution is easy to identify. As the name suggests, it comes from a single place. Nonpoint-source pollution is harder to identify and harder to address. It is pollution that comes from many places, all at once

Question 19

What is eutrophication?

Answer 19

process of enrichment of
water bodies by inorganic nutrients leading toexcessive plant and algal growth

Question 20

What causes eutrophication?

Answer 20

process of enrichment of water bodies by inorganic nutrients, leading to excessive plant and algal growth

Question 21

How does eutrophication impacts water quality?

Answer 21

deteriorates it due to harmful algal bloom and creating dead zones. Lowers ph of seawater.

Question 22

What are the impacts of droughts?

Answer 22

destruction of crops, erosion of soil, severe shortage of water supply

Question 23

What are the three factors that impact drought conditions?

Answer 23

intensity, area, lasting period

Question 24

What are the types of droughts?

Answer 24

agricultural, socioeconomic, hydrological, meteorological

Question 25

With the increasing time what type of Drought occurs?

Answer 25

socio-economic

Question 26

What are the causes of drought>

Answer 26

low precipitation, climate change, changes in the jet stream, dry season

Question 27

What are the types of floods?

Answer 27

riverine, coastal

Question 28

Why flood occurs?

Answer 28

riverine: heavy rainfall, geographic location, high tide, soil/land compactness, global warming and sea level rise, earthquakes and landslides, failure of levees and dams

Question 29

What are the good and bad effects of flood?

Answer 29

Bad: human life threat, harms wildlife, sedimentation and erosion, carry contamination, floods spread diseases
Good: carry nutrients, recharge groundwater, trigger breeding events and migration, boost fish stocks, bring life to wetlands