Soil Horizons/Taxonimy

Question 1

A horizon

Answer 1

Topsoil. Mineral components and organic matter… leaches into lower horizons. Darker

Question 2

Albic

Answer 2

Subsurface layer that is light in color and low in iron oxide

Eludirlo horizons, weekly developed souls structure. Coarse

Question 3

Alfisol

Answer 3

Type of souls found in semi-arid to humid regions.

Subsurface horizons with high accumulation of clay

Base saturation of at least 35% in subsoil

Question 4

Andisols

Answer 4

Volcanic soils high in glass and coloidal materials

High water holding, good for nutrients and plant growth

Can fix large amounts of phosphorous, not available to plants

Question 5

Argillic

Answer 5

Mineral soil horizon with a buildup of silicate clays. Humid and sun humid subregions with alternating wet dry periods

May contain one or more BT horizons

Question 6

Aridic

Answer 6

Dry for most of growing season. Salt accumulation near the surface

Question 7

Aridisol

Answer 7

Dry, desert like soils. Low organic content,limited salt and drought tolerant vegetation.

Light in color

Significant accumulation of translocated silicate clay, salts, sodium ions

Question 8

B horizon

Answer 8

Below A, accumulated weathered materials from a horizon. Soil processes! Most different from parent materials

Question 9

Bauxite

Answer 9

Accumulation of aluminum-oxide minerals typically formed from extensive leaching under warm tropical environment

Question 10

C and Cr horizons

Answer 10

Partially weathered parent material.

Cr is soft bedrock, weathered but maintaining its original shape

Question 11

Calcic Horizon

Answer 11

Mineral soil horizon with evidence of calcium carbonate deposition more than 15cm thick. 5 percent more than parent material or horizons below it

Question 12

Calcification

Answer 12

Accumulation of secondary (pedogenic) carbonate in arid and to semi arid soil

Question 13

Cambic Horizon

Answer 13

A diagnostic subsurface horizon with very weak, incipient soil genesis.

Expressed as B horizons that differ from the A or C horizons only in structure, color or difference in texture

Question 14

Cryic

Answer 14

Very could soil or subsurface horizon that’s permanently frozen

Question 15

Duripan

Answer 15

Diagnostic soil horizon

Cementation by illuvial silica into a subsurface hard pan.

Bqm

Question 16

E horizon

Answer 16

Mineral horizon present in forested areas… loss of silicate clays, iron, aluminum from leaching and roots

Question 17

Entisol

Answer 17

Solid with little or no evidence of soil development. No horizons, just parent material

Question 18

Epipedon

Answer 18

Top layer of soil, higher in organic material

Question 19

Gelisols

Answer 19

Soils that contain permafrost near the surface,