Soil formation, Conservation, and Protection

Question 1

Unconsolidated regolith modified over time by water, air, and organic material.

Answer 1

Soil

Question 2

a mixture of minerals, air, water, and organic matter in the correct proportion

Answer 2

Fertile soil.

Question 3

The study of soil as a habitat for living organisms

Answer 3

Edaphology

Question 4

Study of social as geologic entity, meaning, its formation, classification, chemistry, and morphology

Answer 4

Pedology

Question 5

Break down of rocks from the result of a mechanical action. Temperature changes, abrasion, or frost can cause rocks to break dowm.

Answer 5

Physical weatherimg

Question 6

breakdown of rocks through a change of their chemical makeup. this can happen when the minerals than rocks react with water, air, or other chemicals.

Answer 6

Chemical weathering

Question 7

Breakdown of rocks by living things. Burrowing animals help water and air get into rock, and plant roots can grow Into cracks in the rocks, making it split.

Answer 7

Biological weathering

Question 8

6 factors that affect soil formation:

Answer 8

• Parent Material
• Time
• Climate
• Organisms
• Topography
• Weathering

Question 9

determined by the size of them mineral particles within the soil

Answer 9

Soil texture

Question 10

Largest soil particle which consist of fragments larger than 2.0 mm in diameter

Answer 10

Gravel

Question 11

0.05 and 2.0 mm

Answer 11

Sand particles

Question 12

range from 0.002 to 0.05 millimeter.

Answer 12

Silt particles

Question 13

Smallest particle, less than 0.002 millimeter in diameter

Answer 13

Clay particles

Question 14

Ideal soil for agriculture. provides good aeration and drainage properties of large particles with nutrient - retention and water - holding ability.

Answer 14

Loam

Question 15

They use a standard system for classifying soils according to the amount of clay, silt, and sand.

Answer 15

USDA Textural Classification Chart

Question 16

The topsoil of leaching from which downward percolation of water has remove some place in soluble ion.It is commonly rich and organic matters

Answer 16

A Horizon

Question 17

Subsoil of accumulation. Clays are more prevalent and organic matter is less abundant.

Answer 17

B Horizon

Question 18

Transition from the soil profile to the unweathered parent material below.

Answer 18

C Horizon.

Question 19

Type of land that can be used for farming.

Answer 19

Arable land

Question 20

In PH, as of 2003, has _____ million hectares of arable land.

Answer 20

5.59 million

Question 21

Defined as the change in soil health, results in decreased capacity of soil to support organisms.

Answer 21

Soil Degradation

Question 22

3 Factors that contribute to soil degradation:

Answer 22

• Physical
• Biological
• Chemical

Question 23

Some areas are more at risk than others.

Answer 23

Areas of Concern

Question 24

It refers to the tilling at right angles to the slope of the land. It is one of the simplest methods of preventing soil erosion. The practice is useful on gentle slopes. The series of small ridges at right angles to the slope acts as a dam to prevent water from running down in order to allow more water to soak into the soil

Answer 24

Contour Farming

Question 25

It is practiced when a slope is too steep or too long. Alternating strips are closely sown on crops such as corn. The closely sown crops stop the flow of water, which reduces soil erosion and allows more water to be absorbed into the ground

Answer 25

Strip Farming

Question 26

One practical method of preventing soil erosion on a very steep land. They are level areas constructed at right angles to the slope to retain water and greatly reduce the amount of erosion

Answer 26

Terracing

Question 27

depressions on sloping land where water collects and flows off the land. However, when not properly maintained, waterways are susceptible to erosion

Answer 27

Waterways

Question 28

plantings of trees or other plants that protect the bare soil from the full force of the wind. It will reduce the speed of the wind and decreases the amount of soil that is carried away.

Answer 28

Windbreaks.

Question 29

Fertile Soil :

        Mineral Particles - \_\_\_\_\_%
 Air - \_\_\_\_\_\_ %.        Water - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_%
          Organic Matter - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ %

Answer 29

Mineral Particles - 45 %
Air - 25 %
Water - 25 %
Organic Matter - 5 %