soil formation and classification

Question 1

list factors that effect soil formation

Answer 1

pernet material, climate, living organisms, topography, time

Question 2

o horizon?

Answer 2

not always present due to the absence of vegition. it consists of organic material

Question 3

a horizon?

Answer 3

topsoil. it contains minerals and may have organic matter mixed through it

Question 4

b horizon?

Answer 4

subsoil. lighter colour to topsoil except where minerals have been leached and have accumulated at this horizon

Question 5

c horizon

Answer 5

contains pernet matieral and is rocky in nature. light coloured

Question 6

ombrothic peat

Answer 6

rain-fed peat with thick organic layers

Question 7

minerophic peat

Answer 7

ground water fed peat. shallow soils

Question 8

rendzins

Answer 8

shallow, gravely, calcareous soil

Question 9

lithosol

Answer 9

shallow non- calcarus soil

Question 10

alluvial

Answer 10

soil deprived form alluvium (particles deposited by water)

Question 11

groundwater gley

Answer 11

soil gleyed within 40cm of the surface due to water table

Question 12

surface water gley

Answer 12

soil gleyed within 40cm of the surface,

Question 13

podzol

Answer 13

infertile. typically formed under coniferous forest, iron pan, acidic soil = acid leaching

Question 14

brown podzolic

Answer 14

large amount of organic materiel = a horizon red-brown in colur at b horzion low land areas used in crops and grazing

Question 15

luvisol

Answer 15

clay illuviated form surface to low horizons, lime scale areas

Question 16

brown earths

Answer 16

found in lowland ares, high PH good drainage very little leaching, very fertile soil

Question 17

characteristics of peat soils

Answer 17

o horizon is only horizon, poor drainage, acidic, manily used for forestry

Question 18

characteristics of gley soils

Answer 18

poor drainage, gleization light grazing and forestry

Question 19

characteristics of podzol

Answer 19

found overlaying acidic pm such as sand stone, foresty, iron pan subsoil