Soil Formation

Question 1

Horizons

Answer 1

ORGANIC LAYER. Surface.
litter layer
dead plants/animal material
food for earth worms

TOPSOIL. Top 10-40cm
decomposed organic matter mixed with mineral content
Dark
heats well

SUBSOIL. Below cultivated layer, down to parent rock
Minimal organic matter
Mostly mineral
Poor drainage

PARENT ROCK Material not yet sufficiently abraded to form soil

Question 2

Soil formation: texture