Soil Classification and Types

Question 1

What is Luvisol?

Answer 1

where rainfall>evapotranspiration, clay is elluviated and deposited in argillic horizons

Question 2

What is podosolisation?

Answer 2

intense relocation and translocation, usually in freely drained sites (under forests) becomes extremely acidic entire column is leached of calcium carbonates

Question 3

what is gleying?

Answer 3

waterlogging leading to reduction, mobilisation and removal of iron compounds

Question 4

what is Laterization?

Answer 4

tropical soil, strong leaching occurs depleting base cations, red laterite soil formed in wet, humid climate, silica removed from upper layers leaving sesquioxides to concentrate

Question 5

how was soil classified?

Answer 5

was determined by the genesis of the soil however now they are classified by chemical, physical and biological properties

Question 6

soil of Europe? Histosols

Answer 6

dark soil high accumulation of partially decomposed organic matter, develop in wet, cold conditions (boreal/subarctic) known as peat, 5% of europe

Question 7

Leptosols?

Answer 7

shallow soil over rock, gravel or calcerous material, found in mountainous regions and where soil has been eroded to show rock, 9% of europe

Question 8

Luvisols?

Answer 8

textural difference within profile, surface horizon depleted in clay, subsurface has accumulated them, wide range of parent materials and env conditions (6% of Europe)

Question 9

Cambisols?

Answer 9

young soil, pedogenic processes are evident from colour development, common very agriculturally productive 12% of europe

Question 10

Fluvisols?

Answer 10

young soil found in alluvial, lacustrine or marine, common in periodically flooded areas, layers of sediments, fertility depends on sediment sequences 5% of europe

Question 11

Gleysols?

Answer 11

saturated by groundwater for long periods, occur in lowland areas, excess wetness at shallow depth, not well drained (red bluish colour) 5% of europe

Question 12

Podzols?

Answer 12

Acid soil bleached horizon poor organic matter, under acidic conditions, al, fe and organic move to b horizon, develop in humid well drained area. 14% of Europe common under acidic litter plants

Question 13

Umbrisols?

Answer 13

dark, acid, surface horizon rich in organic matter, develop in cool humid climates, precipitation > evapotranspiration, acid parent materials, develop under woodlands, 2.5% of europe

Question 14

what is the spatial continuum of soil?

Answer 14

topographically soil has a related sequence, can be linked down slope