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Intro To Soil Science > Soil As A Medium For Plant Growth > Flashcards

Soil As A Medium For Plant Growth Flashcards

1
Q

____ compose ______ of dry matter of plants

A

CHO
90%

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2
Q

List the three phases of soil

A

Air 25%
Water 25%
Solids 50%

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3
Q

What is Mass Flow
List the nutrients involved

A

Water soluble nutrients are carried with the flow of water
Nitrogen, Mg, S, Ca

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4
Q

What is Diffusion
List the nutrients involved

A

Nutrients move as a result of concentration (Root interception)
K, P

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5
Q

List the soil 6 forming factors

A
  1. Parent material
  2. Climate
  3. Temperature
  4. Organisms
  5. Topography
  6. Time
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6
Q

List the four important factors that the soil provides plants for growth

A
  1. Support
  2. Oxygen
  3. Ions
  4. Liquid
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7
Q

What are the 6 types of soil transportation

A
  1. Colluvial
  2. Alluvial
  3. Marine
  4. Lacutrine
  5. Eolian
  6. Glacial
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8
Q

___ of soil develops from _____

A

99%
Parent material

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9
Q

Other _____ developed in ______

A

1%
Organic materials

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10
Q

South/west slopes have…..

A

Thinner profiles

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11
Q

North/East slopes have….

A

Deeper profiles

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12
Q

What are the 4 Soil Forming Processes
(Pedegenic)

A
  1. Additions
  2. Losses
  3. Translocations
  4. Transformation
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13
Q

What is the difference between Muck & Peat

A

Muck- OM residues altered beyond recognition
Peat- Undecomposed or slightly decomposed OM; still recognizable

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14
Q

What is the difference between humus & crop residue

A

Humus- fully decomposed
Crop residue- in process of decomposing

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15
Q

What are the primary nutrients

A

N, P, K

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16
Q

What are the secondary nutrients

A

Ca, Mg, S

17
Q

Saturation can best be described as…

A

Water filled MACROpores, air filled MICROpores

18
Q

Glacial till parent material is….

A

Heterogenous

Other materials pushed into it

19
Q

Name the different soil horizons in order and their characteristics

A

O- organic material
A- accumulation of OM (dark surface horizon)
E- Eluviation; process of removal
B- Illuviation
C- slightly altered parent material
R- Not for hand digging (hard bedrock)

20
Q

Sand settles after ______

A

40 sec

21
Q

Silt settles after _____

A

8 hrs

22
Q

Clay settles after _____

A

Never

23
Q

What is Stokes law

A

If particles are in Water the LARGEST particles will fall out at the fastest rate

24
Q

What determines soil structure

A

Size and shape of PEDS

25
Q

____ spaces allow ____ textured soils to ____ & allow ______

A

Large
Finer
Drain rapidly
Root penetration

26
Q

What is the most important part of soil texture

A

Pore spaces between particles

27
Q

What is the most important property for use interpretation

A

Pore spaces between particles

28
Q

As bulk density _____ porosity _____

A

Increases
Decreases

29
Q

What is the difference between Bulk density and Particle density

A

Bulk density includes voids and spaces
Particle density focuses on particles only

30
Q

What is Histosol

A

Organic soil

31
Q

When soil compacts, bulk density _____, which _____ MICROpore space

A

Increases
Increases

32
Q

What is Inceptisol

A

Very young soil

33
Q

Why does Porosity decrease when Bulk density Increase

A

When soil is compacted, the pore spaces get smaller

34
Q

How does compaction affect Bulk Density

Why?

A

Bulk density increases

Since the soil is being pushed together it’s more dense

35
Q

How can you increase Bulk Density

A

Compact soil

36
Q

How can you decrease Bulk Density

Why?

A

Cultivation

It breaks up the particles and it loses it’s compaction so there are more spaces

37
Q

How does structure and texture affect Porosity

A

Texture has different sized particles
Ex. Finer soils have smaller pore spaces but they have a lot so they have more porosity

Intro To Soil Science (2 decks)

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