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computer network and systems > softwareisation and virtualisation > Flashcards

softwareisation and virtualisation Flashcards

1
Q

network programmability

A

being able to control network devices and their behaviour using API to modify and configure network devices dynamically

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2
Q

what are 3 benefits of network programmability

A

reduces human intervention
ensure consistency
enable faster response to charging traffic patterns and business needs

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3
Q

what are the two key roles in network programmability

A

automation; trigger network changes dynamically
api usage; provide the interface between applications and network devices for configuration and monitoring

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4
Q

software defined network sdn

A

allows centralised control of the network making dynamic network management and configuration easier

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5
Q

generalised flow based routing

A

simple packet handling rules that considers all the headers of all layers

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6
Q

what is the role of the remote controller in sdn

A

computes and installs forwarding tables in the router

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7
Q

how does the controller create and install the forwarding tables

A

the routers share information with the controller which then uses its software to create routing/flow tables for all the routers therefore the dont have to exchange any information directly with each other

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8
Q

what are 4 benefits of sdn

A

centralised network management by the controller
cost effective and scalable
easy dynamic traffic engineering
enables automation

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9
Q

how is sdn cost effective and scalable

A

reduces the need for specialised hardware

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10
Q

how does sdn enable automation

A

reduces human error and operational overhead
automated failure detection and adaptive traffic engineering

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11
Q

how was traffic engineering difficult with traditional routing

A

can only use the link weights as control
need a new routing algorithm when splitting incoming traffic

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12
Q

what are data plane switches

A

fast simple switches implementing generalised data plane forwarding in hardware

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13
Q

how do data plane switches work

A

follow pre installed forwarding rules provided by the controller via the flow table
the api for the switch control defines what is controllable and what isnt and provides a way for the controller to manage flow tables in switched

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14
Q

what is the role of the sdn controller

A

maintains the network state info

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15
Q

how is the sdn controller implemented

A

as a distributed system which allows for fault tolerance performance robustness and scalability

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16
Q

how does the sdn controller interact with the network control applications ‘above’

A

via the northbound api

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17
Q

how does the sdn controller interact with the network switches ‘below’

A

via the southbound api

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18
Q

what are the 3 components of the sdn controller

A

interface layer
network wide state management
communication

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19
Q

interface layer component in the sdn controller

A

controller provides an api for network control apps to interact with simplifying the complex network operations so control apps can manage the network without dealing with low level details

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20
Q

network wide state management component in the sdn controller

A

all network info is stored in a distributed database to keep track of the network state

21
Q

communication component in the sdn controller

A

between the controller and the controlled switches using a protocol allowing the controller to manage the network and update the switch controller in real time

22
Q

network control applications

A

the brains of control
implement control functions using lower level services

23
Q

how are network control apps unbounded and how is this a benefit

A

can be provided by a third party allowing freedom for managers and administrators

24
Q

match in generalised forwarding

A

pattern values in packet header files

25
Q

actions in generalised forwarding

A

for matched packet you can drop, forward and modify or send to the controller

26
Q

priority in generalised forwarding

A

disambiguate overlapping patterns

27
Q

flow

A

defined by header values

28
Q

what defines the match and action rules

A

the router flow table

29
Q

open flow

A

a match and action based generalised forwarding protocol

30
Q

how does open flow protocol work

A

used a table based approach where the match fields specify which actions to take

31
Q
  • in open flow
A

wildcard
this field should not be considered when determining whether a packet matches a rule

32
Q

what is the point of match and action abstraction

A

unifies the flow of different kinds of devices

33
Q

why do we use tcp for open flow

A

need to encrypt as the information carried could be used for malicious attacks

34
Q

what is the match and action for a router

A

match; longest destination ip prefix
action; forward the packet out of the appropriate interface

35
Q

what is the match and action for a firewall

A

match; filtering cia the ip and tcp/udp port number
action; permit/deny

36
Q

what is the match and action for a switch

A

match; destination mac address
action; forward the packet to a specific port or flood it

37
Q

what is the match and action for NAT

A

match; identify using the ip and port number
action; rewrite the port and ip

38
Q

what does network function virtualisation(nfv) do

A

decouples network functions from proprietary hardware allowing them to run as software on generic hardware

39
Q

what are 4 benefits of nfv

A

cost efficiency
easy to scale up or down
flexible as you can get new features quicker
energy efficient

40
Q

how is network function virtualisation(nfv) cost efficient

A

reduces the need for expensive hardware and will only need to purchase new software

41
Q

how is network function virtualisation(nfv) energy efficient

A

reduces hardware footprint and energy consumption

42
Q

what are the 3 types of architecture needed in nfv

A

virtual network functions (vnf)
nfv infrastructure
management and orchestration of the vnf and their interfaces

43
Q

virtual network functions in network function virtualisation(nfv)

A

software based implementations of traditional network functions

44
Q

nfv infrastructure

A

hardware and software that supports the vnf

45
Q

what is network slicing

A

the network is divided into virtual slices to deliver tailored services

46
Q

how are networks sliced

A

can create virtual networks that exist on top of a shared physical infrastructure and each one can be optimised for different needs

47
Q

how are physical networks sliced

A

partitioned into logical slices to provide tailored services without the need for separate physical infrastructure

48
Q

what is a reason to create e network slice on demand

A

to meet the specific needs of a user or service orchestrated on the controller

computer network and systems (10 decks)

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