Software Lifecycle Flashcards by Eric Desjardins

Name the six stages of the software lifecycle

Requirements
Design
Implementation
Verification
Deployment
Maintenance

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Define requirements in the software lifecycle

Describe what the software should and shouldn’t do
Identify assumptions that can be made
Define what constitutes an acceptable solution

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Define design in the software lifecycle

Architectural
-A plan on how pieces of multi-piece solution fir together and interact

Functional
-A decomposition of a big program into smaller function pieces that can be handled independently

Detail
-A design of what the program must do to complete each functional piece

Problem solving
Data organization
Algorithms and complexity
Invariants
Design patterns

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Define the implementation in the software lifecycle

Coding

- Debugging

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Define the verification in the software lifecycle

Testing the code

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Name 4 methods of testing

Unit testing (whitebox and blackbox)
Integration testing
Functional testing
Regression testing
System testing
Alpha testing
Beta testing
Acceptance testing

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Define the deployment in the software lifecycle

Installation
Configuration
Tuning
Environment Management

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Define the maintenance in the software lifecycle

Bug fixes

Period updates

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What is blackbox testing

Independent of the implementation

Case boundaries
Input boundaries
Output case

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What is whitebox testing

Dependant on implementation

-Test every line, function, data structure, algorithm, input and output of the program

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What are the five steps of the compilation process

Pre-process $gcc -E
Code-generation $gcc -C
Assemble $gcc -c
Link $gcc
Load

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What is the pre-process phase of the compilation process

combines all the C files and the header files together

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What is the code-generation phase of the compilation process

the compiler compiles the C code

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What is the assemble phase of the compilation process

the code is converted into assembly/machine code

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What is the link phase of the compilation process

output files are linked together into one executable output file

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What is the load phase of the compilation process

link the output file with the required libraries to execute (.dll .so .dylib)

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What are the parts of a running program

Executable code of the program
Global variables
Call stack
Heap

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What two parts of the anatomy of a program are created at compile time

Executable code of the program

- Global variables

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What is the executable

The instructions to run

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What is the call stack

where we track function call

What is the heap

where dynamic memory allocation happens. space that lives beyond the end of a function

What is a stack frame

All the data relating to the execution of a function is grouped in the stack frame.

The data is a picture of the state of the function
The stack frame holds all the parts of the picture together

What data structure is a stack frame

A stack is the last-in first-out (LIFO) data structure. Functions are called in a LIFO fashion.

Name four things contained in the stack frame

The instructions to the executable in the calling function when the function ends
Hardware information (register values) that the current function will change and need to be restored for the calling function
The parameters for the function
Space for local variables and for the function

What happens to the stack frame at the end of a function

The stack frame for the function is removed from the call stack, so all the information disappears

Is the heap outside the call stack

Yes. The memory is assigned by the operating system. Memory must be returned to the operation system (it is done on major OS distribution but still should be managed by the programmer)

What are the three modes of interacting with files

- Read - Write - Append

What is the read file template

- Open file - If file opened do - get line while not EOF - execute code - close file

What is the write file template

- Open file - If file opened: while there is data to write - generate line to write - write to the file - close file

There are 9 steps to problem decomposition, name as many as possible

- What comes in to the program? - What transformations do I need to make to the data? - What part of the data is processed right away? - What part of the data do I need to keep longer? - What goes out of the program? - What assumptions can I make? - What constraints exist? - Are there strange cases to handle? - What is important for the solution to do?

What is software architecture and what are some types of architectures?

Ways to organize entire designs of programs: - Structure architectures - Shared memory architectures - Messaging architecture - Adaptable architecture - Distributed system architecture

What is a component-based structure architecture

Tightly-coupled and cohesive modules interact vie interfaces

What is a monolithic application structure architecture

Single layer application that is coupled together

What is a layered structure architecture

Division of functionality into individual layers. Each layer | only interacts with the layer directly above or below it.

What is a pipes and filters structure architecture

A sequence of special-purpose programs that pass data from | one to the other sequentially to achieve a result

What is a database centric shared memory architecture

Coordination is achieved through a database for shared data,typically asynchronously

What is a blackbaord shared memory architecture

Concurrent tasks or “agents” synchronously update a common memory data storage (the blackboard) and react to changes on the blackboard made by other agents

What is a rule-based shared memory architecture

Rules stored with the data in a common area to be applied or queried

What is a event-drive messaging architecture

An underlying system has a list of functions to invoke each time that a particular event happens Model-View-Controller

What is a client-server distributed architecture

A client machine that connects with a server

What is a peer-to-peer distributed architecture

Client to client communication e.g. Torrents

What is a REST distributed architecture

representational state transfer

What does 'flushing' the buffer mean

Explicitly pushing the data to the file

What is version control?

- Tracks changes of source code - Helps integrate your changes fro someone else - Lets you manage parallel streams of development on the code

What is the difference between centralized and distributed version control

- Centralized control runs all of the major commands and log information through the master repository (svn and cvs) - Distributed places a more extensive copy of the history in the local working copy (git) Centralized is easier to manage and build while distributed is more convenient for users.

What are the two types of mode of operations for version control systems

Lock-modify-unlock (no conflict in merging files...it's locked) Copy-modify-merge (merging conflicts must be dealt with)

What belongs in a version control system

- Source code - Documentation - Supporting images

What doesn't belong in a version control system

- Object files - PDF files - Executable files You can you ignore on these files