Software development Flashcards
What are the 6 stages of the software development life cycle?
- Planning
- Analysis/design
- Development
- Testing
- Deployment and maintenance
What documentation is associated with the planning stage of the SDLC?
- Project plan- aims/goals, resources, timescales, constraints, feasibility study, Risk, Gantt chart, sign off
- Options appraisal- Available options, cost/benefit, recommendation, sign off
What is included in the TELOS method of feasibility?
Technical Economic Legal Operational Schedule
What documentation is associated with the analysis/design stage of the SDLC?
- Requirements specification
a. User stories- As a I would like so that
b. UML (use case)
c. Requirements- Functional/non-functional
d. constraints
e. sign off - Software design document
a. IEEE recommend splitting entire system into a series of view points represented by UML
i. context, functional, information, development, deployment
What is the difference between functional and non-functional requirements?
- Functional- Describes a behaviour or a function of the software (what you want it to do)
- How the system should behave in terms of:
a. Accessibility
b. Availability
c. Compatibility
d. Extensibility
e. Risk
f. Support
Sign off!
What is UML?
Unified modelling language
Stable common design language that can be used to model applications/systems
What are 6 common UML diagrams?
- Use case- illustrate functional require (actors)
- Class- how people and things interact
- Sequence- Detailed flow (between systems) for a specific use case
- Activity- Very high level procedural flow of system
- Component- Physical components of the system
- Deployment- How hardware will be deployed and how these components interact with each other.
What are 3 benefits of using UML?
- Readability- greater communication between developers and users
- Transparency- audit trail of design to development
What documentation is involved in the development stage of the SDLC?
Error/issue log
What documentation is involved in the testing stage of the SDLC?
- Testing specification (In
a. test plan
b. design (pass/fail criteria)
c. Test report
d. sign off
What documentation is involved in the deployment and maintenance stage of the SDLC?
- User manual
- SOP
- Change request form
Name 2 project management methodologies?
Prince2- PRoject IN Controlled Environments
a. Generic management methodology that is used for many projects
b. Split into 3 themes- What? Why? and How?
SSADM- Structured systems analysis and design method
a. Used to design information system b. Waterfall model --> document heavy
What are software development methodologies? (Name 2)
A method of implementing the stages of the SDLC
- Waterfall
- Agile
What are the stages of the waterfall software development life cycle?
- Requirements
- Analysis
- Design
- Implementation
- Testing
- Deployment
- Maintenance
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the waterfall method of developing software?
Advantages:
- Ease of use
- Structure
- Documentation (important clinically and for UKAS accreditation)
Disadvantages
- Higher risk (Rigid- errors earlier on in project)
- Front heavy (Needs very clear requirements- or time is wasted)
What is the Agile software methodology?
Method of software development that aims to assist teams in responding the unpredictability of developing software
Used iterative development process known as sprints:
a. Plan, build, test, review…
Large involvement of the users of the system
What are the pros and cons of the Agile methodology?
Pro-
- Adaptive- responds to change
- Allows for direct communication to maintain transparency
- Improved quality by identifying expectation mismatches early
Con-
- Focuses on working with software and lacks documentation efficiency
- Changes of getting off-track as outcomes are not clear and requirements can change
What is requirements gathering?
The process of generating a list of requirements from various stakeholders that will be using the software you are creating- usually an interview- can be questionnaire
What is a constraint?
A constraint is a restriction on the degree of freedom you have in providing a solution. e.g. Limited development resources or decisions from senior management (e.g. use Python)
Name two testing methods
- Blackbox method- testing not aware of design or structure of the software e.g. UAT
- White box- tester knows the internal structure e.g. unit or integration
What are the 4 levels of testing?
- Unit testing individual components (e.g. function or class) of software (input/output)
- Integration- combines individual units and tests they interact as expected
- System testing- Tests that the product created matches the requirements set by the user (both functional and non-functional)
- UAT - Evaluates the system compliance with all the requirements set by the user within the environment they will be using the software. End point
What is deployment?
All activities that make software available for use
1. installation- clone from github and complete configuration steps e.g. link to webserver
Involves making a release and tagging this with a numerical tag
what is Alpha and Beta software?
- Alpha- (pre-release- during testing)
2. Beta- (pre-release- major bugs solved, usability testing stage)
