Software Design and Development

Question 1

Waterfall Model

Answer 1

Analysis
Design
Implementation
Testing
Documentation
Evaluation
Maintenance

Question 2

Requirement Specification

Answer 2

a document which clearly states what a program needs to do

Question 3

Syntax Error

Answer 3

error with spelling or missing letter/symbol

Question 4

Logic Error

Answer 4

error in code logic such as using AND instead of OR, or < instead of >, the code will still work, but produce unexpected results

Question 5

Run time error (execution)

Answer 5

error when the code runs that causes a crash, such as dividing by zero or trying to access the 5th item in a 4 item array

Question 6

Analysis

Answer 6

general description of what the software should do which contains everything the program should do
requirement specification
produces requirement specification

Question 7

Design

Answer 7

structure diagrams
flowcharts
pseudocode

Question 8

Implementation

Answer 8

writing the source code

Question 9

Testing

Answer 9

tests that each part of the program works
normal data, extreme data, exceptional data

Question 10

Documentation

Answer 10

Analysis - purpose, functional requirements
Design - algorithms, wireframes
Implementation - the code
Testing - test table, screenshots of results

Question 11

Evaluation

Answer 11

A review of the program and process
Evaluates how well the program meets the requirements
covers: fitness for purpose, efficiency, usability, maintainability, and robustness

Question 12

Maintenance

Answer 12

Finding and fixing errors
Manual debugging - pen and paper, dry runs, trace tables
Environmental debugging - done on computer, breakpoints, watchpoints, step through

Question 13

Sequential files

Answer 13

file that is read/written by accessing the file at the start, read from left to right and top to bottom, and finishes at the end

Question 14

Sequential text files

Answer 14

Files created in notepad
Values read line by line
Values can be stored in variables/arrays
Each line is treated as one string

Question 15

Sequential CSV

Answer 15

Comma separated values (any character works)
Used for multiple values on a single line
The character used to seperatr values is called a delimiter

Question 16

Types of scope

Answer 16

Global
Local

Question 17

Global scope

Answer 17

variable can be seen and changed anywhere in the program
can accidentally be edited

Question 18

Local scope

Answer 18

Variable can be seen and changed in the sub program it is declared in

Question 19

Pass by value

Answer 19

sends a copy of the data
if you edit one, the other won’t change
only use if you the data doesn’t need to change

Question 20

Pass by reference

Answer 20

sends a reference to the original data
effectively passes the memory address
changes made in one place change it all over

Question 21

requirements specification

Answer 21

purpose
-written in English, should say what the program should do
scope
-list of deliverables and time limits (Design documents, Test plan, Code listing, Completed testing, Evaluation)
boundaries
-assumptions, what should and shouldn’t be in the program
functional requirements
-inputs, processes and outputs

Question 22

pre defined functions

Answer 22

Sub string (mid): takes a string apart to create a new string(s)
Modulus: returns remainder from division
Floating point to integer
Convert to ASCII and back

Question 23

standard algorithms

Answer 23

counting occurrences
finding min
finding max
linear search

Question 24

counting occurrences

Answer 24

Steps:
Set counter to 0
Add 1 to counter when the thing you want to count takes place

Question 25

finding min

Answer 25

Steps:
Set min to first value in the array
Loop for each value in the array
If the current value in the array is less than min
Then min=current value

Question 26

finding max

Answer 26

Steps:
Set max to first value in the array
Loop for each value in the array
If the current value in the array is more than max
Then max=current value

Question 27

linear search

Answer 27

Steps:
Ask user for search term
Loop for each value in the array
If the current value in the array=search term
Then found=true

Question 28

Wireframe

Answer 28

visual design of a programme
annotation