software design and developement (SDD)

Question 1

what is iterative methodology

Answer 1

The iterative development methodology is often referred to as the ‘Waterfall model’. Software is developed in the following sequence of iterative stages:

Analysis
Design
Implementation
Testing
Documentation
Evaluation

Question 2

What is the agile methodology?

Answer 2

Agile development teams build prototypes or software components in small increments known as sprints. Agile development focuses on delivering software as quickly as possible.

Question 3

what does the analysis stage define

Answer 3

the scope and requirements of the software forming the software specification

Question 4

what is the purpose in analysis

Answer 4

general overview of what the software does

Question 5

what is the scope in analysis

Answer 5

what will be delivered (code, design, testing, evaluation) including the time limits

Question 6

what are the boundaries in analysis

Answer 6

what the system does and doesn’t do, including assumptions

Question 7

what are functional requirements

Answer 7

what the system must do in terms of inputs, processes and outputs

Question 8

what is a top-level design in pseudocode

Answer 8

it shows the main steps of the design without detailed subprogram logic

Question 9

why are data flow and refinements important in pseudocode

Answer 9

data flow shows what information flows in/out of sub-programs, and refinements break down complex steps

Question 10

what are parallel 1D arrays

Answer 10

two or more 1D arrays together where each array holds related data of the same type

Question 11

what is a record

Answer 11

stores multiple related fields of different data types

Question 12

what is an array of records

Answer 12

a list of records stored in 1D array

Question 13

what is the difference between local and global variables

Answer 13

local: declared within and only accessible inside a sub-program
global: declared in the main program and accessible throughout

Question 14

what are the two types of parameter passing

Answer 14

formal parameters: declared at the sub-program definition
actual parameters: passed into the sub-program from the main program

Question 15

what is the difference between a function and a procedure

Answer 15

function returns a value, procedures don’t return a value

Question 16

what is a sub-program

Answer 16

a block of code within a main program designed to carry out a specific task

Question 17

what is a pre-defined function

Answer 17

a built-in function provided by a programming language that performs specific tasks without requiring user defintion

Question 18

what is the purpose of parameter passing

Answer 18

to send data from the main program to sub-programs

Question 19

what is a comprehensive test plan

Answer 19

a plan that tests with normal, extreme and exceptional data to check how software handles various inputs

Question 20

what are the 3 types of errors

Answer 20

logic, syntax and execution(runtime) errors

Question 21

what is a logic error

Answer 21

when a program runs but produces incorrect results due to a mistake in the algorithm or logic

Question 22

what is a syntax error

Answer 22

when the code doesn’t follow the rules of the language preventing it from compiling

Question 23

what is an execution error

Answer 23

an error that occurs while the program is running often due to unexpected inputs or outputs

Question 24

what is dry run debugging

Answer 24

manually stepping through code on paper to check logic

Question 25

what is a trace table

Answer 25

a table that tracks variable values step-by-step during program execution

Question 26

what is a breakpoint

Answer 26

a tool that pauses the program at a specific line for inspection

Question 27

what is a watchpoint

Answer 27

pauses the program when a specific variable changes

Question 28

what does "fitness for purpose" mean in evaluation

Answer 28

the software does everything the specification requires

Question 29

what are efficient use of coding constructs

Answer 29

using things like loops, selection and parameter passing effectively to make code faster and more manageable

Question 30

what factors affect usability

Answer 30

interface design, clear user prompts, screen layout, and help screens

Question 31

what makes code maintainable

Answer 31

good variable names, comments, spacing and modularity

Question 32

what is robustness in software

Answer 32

how well the software handles unexpected problems like invalid input or extreme data

Question 34

find min pseudo code (parallel arrays and record structure)

Answer 34

Lowest = array[0] FOR counter FROM 1 to length(array) IF array[counter] < lowest SET Lowest = array [counter] END IF END FOR lowest = pupils[0].mark FOR counter FROM 1 to length (pupils) IF pupils|counter].mark < lowest Lowest = pupils [counter].mark ENDIF END FOR

Question 35

find max pseudo code (parallel arrays + record structure

Answer 35

highest = array[0] FOR counter FROM 1 to length(array) IF array[counter] > highest highest = array [counter] END IF END FOR highest = array[0] FOR counter FROM 1 to length(pupils) IF pupils[counter].mark > highest highest = pupils [counter].mark END IF END FOR

Question 36

linear search pseudocode (parallel arrays + record structure)

Answer 36

choice = input from USER found = FALSE counter = 0 WHILE counter

Question 37

counting occurrences (parallel arrays + record structure)

Answer 37

SearchItem = Input from USER Total = 0 FOR counter = 0 TO Length(array) IF array(counter) = SearchItem Total = total +1 END IF END FOR SearchName = Input from user Total = 0 FOR counter = 0 TO Length(array).name IF array(counter).name = SearchName total = total +1 END IF END FOR