Software Architecture

Question 1

What is software architecture?

Answer 1

Software architecture defines the structure of a software system, including components, relationships, design principles, and reasoning.

Question 2

Why is software architecture important?

Answer 2

Scalability: Handles growing demands.
Maintainability: Simplifies updates and fixes.
Reliability: Minimizes vulnerabilities.
Flexibility: Adapts to new requirements easily.

Question 3

What are the key types of software architecture?

Answer 3

Monolithic: Simple development, limited scalability.
Microservices: Independent scaling, complex infrastructure.
Layered: Separation of concerns, potential rigidity.
Event-Driven: Loose coupling, debugging complexity.
SOA: Integrates through reusable services.

Question 4

What are the software design principles?

Answer 4

DRY: Avoid redundancy.
SOLID: Single Responsibility, Open/Closed, Liskov Substitution, Interface Segregation, Dependency Inversion.
KISS: Keep it simple.
YAGNI: Don’t over-engineer.

Question 5

What are common design patterns?

Answer 5

Creational: Singleton, Factory Method, Abstract Factory.
Structural: Adapter, Decorator, Composite.
Behavioral: Observer, Strategy, Command.

Question 6

What are the stages of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?

Answer 6

Planning and Requirement Analysis.
Defining Requirements.
Designing Product Architecture.
Building the Product.
Testing.
Deployment and Maintenance.

Question 7

What is the difference between Waterfall and Agile approaches?

Answer 7

Waterfall: Linear, low flexibility, best for stable requirements.
Agile: Iterative, high adaptability, best for frequent changes.

Question 8

What are common project management tools?

Answer 8

Jira, Trello, Asana. Features:
Planning/Scheduling: Tasks, workflows.
Collaboration: Dashboards, approvals.
Documentation: File management, versioning.
Evaluation: Productivity tracking.