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A Level Computer Science > Software > Flashcards

Software Flashcards

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1
Q

Application

A

Any program, routine or procedures that can be run on a computer system

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2
Q

Assembler

A

Translates a program written in assembly language into machine code

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3
Q

Assembly code

A

Plain text code that has a 1:1 translation to machine code

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4
Q

Bespoke software

A

More expensive- required expertise to analyse software requirements
Features customised to user requirements
Takes a while to develop
May contain errors

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5
Q

BIOS

A

Basic Input/Output System: part of the operating system that handles the input and output of the computer. It enables the operating system to use the particular features of the hardware being used

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6
Q

Closed source/ proprietary

A

A types of computer program for which the software code is not shared with the public for anyone to look at or make changes to- Closed / Proprietary type files are often only able to be opened if you own a version of the software they were originally made in

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7
Q

Code generation

A

The stage in compilation that produces a machine code program that is equivalent to the source program

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8
Q

Compilation

A

The translation process that produces an equivalent program in a low level language. Compilation involves analysing the language structure of the source program, determining if it is valid, and proceeding suitable machine code

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9
Q

Compiler

A

Takes source code, translates it all into object code before allowing it to run

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12
Q

Device drivers

A

Piece if software, usually supplied with a device, that tells the OS how it can communicate with the device

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13
Q

FCFS

A

First Come First Serve
A scheduling algorithm that deals with each user or task in the order in which they arrive, this can be thought of as a queue

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14
Q

Distributed systems

A

Form of parallel processing system which spreads the load over multiple computer servers
A single job is split up into several tasks and each of these is run on a separate computer
Coordinated by the OS so that it appears to the user as a single system

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15
Q

Interpreter

A

Converts a program from a high level language into machine code and runs it

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16
Q

Embedded operating system

A

Used in washing machines, microwaves etc
Minimal user interface
No RAM so ne memory management system
No permanent data storage devices

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17
Q

Handling external peripherals

A

Dealing with I/O requests

Using device drivers to communicate with hardware

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18
Q

Interrupt

A

A signal generated by a source such as an input or output device or a systems software routine that causes a break in the execution of the current routine. Control passes to another routine in such a way that the original routine can be resumed after the interrupt

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19
Q

ISR

A

Interrupt Service Routine
A software routine that hardware invokes in response to an interrupt. ISRs examine an interrupt and determine how to handle it

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20
Q

Lexical Analysis

A

The stage in compilation that puts each statement into the form best suited to the syntax analyser. The standard components of each statement, such as PRINT or IF are replaced by their tokens and programmer-defined names are entered into symbol table. The lexical analyser also removes unnecessary characters such as spaces, tabs and coder comments

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21
Q

Libraries

A

A collection of pre-compiled routines which can be incorporated into a program

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22
Q

Linker

A

A software tool that allows already compiled object code files ir modules to be combined with the compiled program

23
Q

Loader

A

A program that copies an object program held on backing store into main store ready for execution

24
Q

High level languages

A

Text based programming languages such as Python or Java

25
Q

Intermediate code

A

Half way between high level and low level code. Is a standard across all machine types uses a virtual machine

28
Q

MLFQ

A

Multi Level Feedback Queue
A complex scheduling algorithm that deals with tasks based on a set of priorities and rules across different league tables, jobs in a certain table get promoted up or down their table based on these rules and can then end up in totally different tables if they are relagated

29
Q

Machine code

A

Binary code that the computer understands

30
Q

Low level programming languages

A

Harder to write/ read, like machine code or assembly language

34
Q

Object code

A

Code produced by a compiler/ assembler

35
Q

Open source

A

Software for which the original source code is made freely available and may be redistributed and modified. Open source file types are often able to be opened on many different types of applications

36
Q

Opcode

A

The instruction

37
Q

Managing the processor

A

Deciding which process to execute next

Handling interruptions to the running process

37
Q

Managing the memory

A

Loading programs
Reusing memory when programs close
Using virtual memory to compensate for lack of RAM

38
Q

Optimisation

A

The stage of compilation tat ensures that the executable program is optimised at least as much as the compiler can predict eg. Removing reference to unused variables or routines

39
Q

Paging

A

The organisation of memory into fixed-sized units, called pages. The intermediate access store is organised as a number of physical pages. The logical pages used by the SPU can be assigned by the memory management unit to any page in physical memory

40
Q

Multi-User, Multi-Tasking system

A

May run on a stand alone computer
Can run many jobs simultaneously
Single powerful main frame is connected to dozens or hundreds of terminals all using the mainframe’s CPU
Each user gets a slice of the processor time according to a scheduling algorithm

40
Q

Mobile phones

A

Use Multi-User, Multi-Tasking system
OS on smartphones are called mobile operating systems
Features specifically needed for that device
Tied to a specific hardware
Two operating systems: Main systems (user interface, running apps) Low level proprietary (real time embedded)

41
Q

RR

A

Round robin

A scheduling algorithm that deals with each user or task to be processed in time

42
Q

Scheduling

A

The method by which central processor time is allocated in a multi access system

43
Q

Segmentation

A

The splitting of a large program into a number of smaller programs or segments. Each segment is a complete program that is executed separately. The function of the large program is achieved by running segments consecutively. Segmentation allows a large program to be executed on a computer with insufficient memory to store the whole program by carving up memory logically rather than physically

44
Q

Off the shelf software

A

Cheap- cost is shared among clients
May contain unwanted features
Ready to be installed immediately
Well documented and tested

45
Q

Syntax analysis

A

The stage in compilation where language statements are checked against the rules of the language, errors being reported if a statement is not valid.

46
Q

Source code

A

Original code typed by the programmer in it’s native language. This code is at it appears before it is compiled/ interpreted

46
Q

Operand

A

The data the instruction acts on

46
Q

Operating systems

A

A set of programs that lie between applications software and the computer’s hardware
Provides resource management (managing the hardware)
Provides a user interface

46
Q

Real time embedded systems

A

Used in aircraft and other safety critical systems
Must have very quick response times
Must be able to deal with many inputs simultaneously
Must have ‘failsafe’ mechanisms designed to detect hardware fails and react appropriately

46
Q

Utility programs

A

File manager, anti virus, defragmenter, encryption, file compression, installers, clipboard manager, system monitor

46
Q

Networking

A

Interfacing to other computers via cable and WiFi

46
Q

Translator

A

Translates a program from assembly code to machine cod

46
Q

Utilities

A

A systems program that performs some specific task in the operation of the computer, for example file backup, virus checking or a compression program.

48
Q

Virtual machine

A

Emulator that acts as a computer
Provides an environment with a translator
Requires an interpreter

A Level Computer Science (2 decks)

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