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Computing > Software > Flashcards

Software Flashcards

1
Q

What is an application software?

A

Is that which allows a user to perform a task or produce something.

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2
Q

Examples of application software.

A

Word processors.
Spreadsheet packages.
Presentation software.

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3
Q

What is a utility?

A

A relatively small program that has one purpose, usually concerned with the maintenance of the system.

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4
Q

Examples of utility programs.

A

Anti virus programs.

Disk defragmentation

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5
Q

What is compression?

A

Compression programs reduce the amount of space data takes up in storage.

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6
Q

What are file managers?

A

Allow files and directories to be moved, copied, deleted and renamed.

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7
Q

What are backup utilities?

A

Allow backups to be automatically made of specified data.

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8
Q

What is an operating system?

A

An operating system is the software that manages the computer.

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9
Q

What are some purposes of the operating system?

A

Manage the hardware of the system
Manage programs installed and being run
Manage security of the system
Provide an interface between the user and the computer

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10
Q

Examples of different operating systems.

A

Android
iOS
Windows
Linux

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11
Q

Examples of different types of operating systems.

A 
Multi-tasking
Multi-user
Distributed OS
Embedded OS
Real-time OS
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12
Q

What is a multi-tasking OS?

A

When you can run multiple programs at once, organised by the multi tasking OS.

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13
Q

What is a multi-user OS?

A

Allows more than one person to share a computer’s resources at the same time.

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14
Q

What is a distributed operating system?

A

Combine the power of a group of computers to work together on a single task. A distributed operating system can control and co-ordinate many computer, presenting them to the end user as though they were a single system.

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15
Q

What is a embedded operating system?

A

A system that will be set to perform one specific task, no likely need for multi-tasking. Example would be a washing machine.

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16
Q

What is a real-time operating system?

A

Carries out actions in real time with a fraction of a second delay, almost immediate. An example of it being used would be a heart monitor at a hospital.

17
Q

What is kernel?

A

Is the very core of the operating system. Helps manage the system resources including memory management and scheduling. Applications use the kernel to send and receive data to and from devices. Kernel is lower than the user interface.

18
Q

What is memory management?

A

Allows programs to be stored in memory safely and efficiently. Without memory management one program could change the data of another. Memory management restricts each program to accessing and amending its own area of data.

19
Q

What is virtual memory?

A

This is when there is not enough memory left in the RAM so it can proceed and run another program or application. So to solve this problem it goes to the hard drive and uses a area on the drive for extra memory to run programs or applications.

20
Q

What is scheduling?

A

Is a program that manages the amount of time different processes have in the CPU.

21
Q

Name the different types of scheduling involved.

A 
Round robin
first come first served
shortest job served
shortest remaining time
multi-level feedback queues
22
Q

What is round robin?

A

Each process is given a fixed amount of time. If the process hasn’t finished in that time period it goes to the back of the queue and the next process goes next.

23
Q

What is first come first served?

A

Just like waiting at a shop their is a basic queue, you have to wait for the first process to finish before the next one goes.

24
Q

What is shortest job first?

A

Shortest job is the first picked up to be completed then the next shortest job will be next.

25
Q

What is shortest remaining time?

A

Scheduler estimates how long each process will take. It then picks the one that will take the least amount of time and runs that. If a job is added with a shorter remaining time the scheduler is switched to that one.

26
Q

What is multi-level feedback queues?

A

Uses a number of queues. Each of these queues has a different priority. The algorithm can move jobs between these queues depending on the jobs behaviour.

27
Q

What is an interrupt?

A

This is when a device sends a signal to the processor to get attention. An interrupt will have a priority indicating how urgently it requires attention.

28
Q

What are device drivers?

A

A piece of software, usually supplied with a device, that tells the operating system how it can communicate with the device.

29
Q

What is a virtual machine?

A

A use is running a operating system inside another operating system.

Computing (9 decks)

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