Soft Tissue TraumaKey Terms-Key Terms Flashcards
Abrasion
Scraping or abrading away of the superficial layers of the skin; an open soft tissue injury
Amputation
severance, removal, or detachment, either partial or complete, of the a body part
Avulsion
forceful tearing away or separation of body tissue; an avulsion may be partial or complete
Chemotactic Factors
Chemicals released by white blood cells that attract more white blood cells to an area of inflammation.
Collagen
Tough, strong protein that makes up most of the body’s connective tissue.
Compartment syndrome
Muscle ischemia that is caused by rising pressures within an anatomic fascial space.
Contusion
Closed wound in which the skin is unbroken, although damage has occurred to the tissue immediately beneath.
Crush injury
mechanism of injury in which tissue is locally compressed by high-pressure forces
Degloving Injury
avulsion in which the mechanism of injury tears the skin off the underlying muscle, tissue, blood vessels, and bone.
Dermis
True skin, also called the corium; it is the layer of tissue producing the epidermis and housing the structures, blood vessels, and nerves normally associated with the skin.
Ecchymosis
Blue-black discoloration of the skin due to leakage of blood into the tissues
Epidermis
outermost layer of the skin composed of dead or dying cells.
Epithelialization
Early stage of wound healing in which epithelial cells migrate over the surface of the wound.
Erythema
General reddening of the skin due to dilation of the superficial capillaries
Fasciae
a fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles and may also unite the skin with underlying tissue.
Fibroblasts
Specialized cells that form collagen.
Gangrene
Deep-space infection usually caused by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium perfringens
Granulocytes
White blood cells charged with the primary purpose of neutralizing foreign bacteria.
hematoma
collection of blood beneath the skin or trapped within a body compartment
hemostasis
the body’s 3 step response to local hemorrhage, comprising a vascular phase that reduces blood flow, a platelet phase in which aggregating platelets form a weak clot, and a coagulation phase that results in the formation of fibrin, creating a strong clot.
hyperemia
increased blood flow into and through injured or infected tissue, responsible for the reddish skin color, or erythema, associated with inflammation.
impaled object
Foreign body embedded in a wound
incision
Very smooth or surgical laceration, frequently caused by a knife, scalpel, razor blade, or piece of glass
inflammation
complex process of local cellular and biochemical changes as a consequence of injury or infection; an early stage of healing.
integumentary system
Skin, consisting of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers
keloid
A formation resulting from overproduction of scar tissue
Laceration
An open wound, normally a tear with jagged borders
Lumen
Opening, or space, within a needle artery vein or other hallow vessel
Lymphangitis
Inflammation of the lymph channels, usually as a result of a distal infection.
Lymphocyte
White Blood Cell that specializes in humoral immunity and antibody formation
Macrophages
Immune System Cell that has the ability to recognize and ingest foreign pathogens
Necrosis
tissue death usually from ischemia
Neovascularization
New Growth of capillaries in response to healing
Phagocytosis
Process in which a cell surrounds and absorbs a bacterium or other particle
Puncture
Specific soft-tissue injury involving a deep, narrow wound to the skin and underlying organs that carries an increased danger of infection
Remodeling
Stage in wound healing process in which colagen is broken down and relaid in an orderly fashion
Rhabdomyolysis
acute pathological process that involves the destruction of skeletal muscle
Sebaceous Glands
Glands within the dermis secreting sebum
Sebum
Fatty Secretion of the sebaceous gland that helps keep the skin pliable and waterproof
Serous Fluid
a cellular component of blood similar to plasma
Skeletal Muscle
contractile tissue organized in large bundles that provide locomotion or movement of the body
Subcutaneous Tissue
Body layer beneath the dermis
Suderiferous Glands
Glands within the dermis that secrete sweat
Tendons
Long, thin, very strong collagen tissues that connect muscles to bones.
Tension Lines
Natural patterns in the surface of the skin revealing tensions within
Tetanus
A rare wound infection caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. Also called Lock Jaw
