Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Soft Tissue Rad > Soft Tissue Rad Exam 1 > Flashcards

Soft Tissue Rad Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Column1

A

Column2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which type of radionuclide scanning injects radioactive particles into lungs that get trapped in the capillaries

A

Particle perfusion scintigraphy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which radionuclide scanning has a pt inhale the radioactive aerosol

A

Particle ventilation scintigraphy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What’s the purpose of sonography/ultrasound & what are 3 common occurrences found w/this technique

A

To differentiate liquids vs solids Pleural effusion (MC), pleural thickening, pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an indication for bronchography

A

Bronchiectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most utilized imaging for the chest

A

CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

With CT of the chest, within the mediastinum, what should you differentiate about masses

A

Cystic or solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When taking a CT of the lungs, what is something you should always look for

A

Primary neoplasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a downfall to MRI

A

Motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the primary purpose for an exam of sputum/specimens obtained by bronchial washings/brushing

A

Determine if there is a malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

During the pathological exam, you take a needle aspiration of:

A

Pleural fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the standard 2 view chest series in radiology

A

PA, lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

On a PA chest xray, how should the pt breath

A

Inhale & hold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

On a PA chest xray, what is the kVp

A

High (100-120)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens to the apical vessels of lungs (bronchovascular markings) during an upright view w/inspiration

A

They have little blood flow & may collapse d/t hydrostatic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pleura of the lungs is not normally visualized on xray, but often can be seen w/this disease

A

CHF (b/c extracardiac fluid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you know there has been adequate inspiration by the pt while taking an xray

A

You can clearly visualize the 10th post ribs w/out diaphragm interference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MC benign tumor of diaphragm

A

Lipoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is the right hemi-diaphragm located in terms of boney landmarks

A

10 post rib, 7th ant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is the left hemi-diaphragm located in terms of boney landmarks

A

11 post rib, 8th ant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Aortic knob, costophrenic & cardiophrenic angles, diaphragm, & minor/horizontal fissure can be seen on this CXR

A

PA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The minor/horizontal fissure is only seen on which chest view? Where is it located in terms of bony landmarks

A

PA chest T8 or 5th ant rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are 2 reasons to take a PA chest view w/expiration

A

Obstruction & pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

During a lateral chest xray, what is the breathing & kVp

A

Inspire & hold High kVp (100-120)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which side is always to the film on a lateral chest xray

A

Left - to decrease magnification of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are 3 reasons to take a lateral chest xray

A

1 locate dz 2. Confirm presence of dz 3. See anything not seen on PA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The retrosternal & retrocardiac clear spaces, hilum, fissures & post sulcus can be seen on which chest view

A

Lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are causes of an abnormal retrosternal clear space

A

Arms, anterior mediastinal tumor, aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are causes of abnormal retrocardiac clear space

A

Cardiac enlargement/displacement, tumor, infiltrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

In the hilum, where are the pulmonary arteries in relation to each other

A

Right is in front, left is left behind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

In the hilum, where are the upper bronchi in relation to each other

A

Right is higher, left is lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are 3 causes of increased hilum size

A

Aneurysm, tumor, lymph adenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Where is the oblique/major fissure located in terms of bony landmarks? Which view can this NOT be seen on

A

Location: T5 diaphragm Not seen on PA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How must fissures be in relation to the xray beam in order to be seen

A

Parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Which fissure separates the middle & upper lobes of the right lung

A

Minor/horizontal fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Where is the diaphragm located on an xray in terms of bony landmarks

A

T12 VB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which takes less fluid to fill: post costophrenic sulcus or costophrenic angles

A

Post costophrenic sulcus fills faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Which view is best for pleural effusion? What does this view detect & which side do they lay on

A

Lateral decubitus - detects fluid movement, lay on side of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is seen on the right ant oblique chest view

A

Right lung, retrocardiac clear space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the purpose of the Rigler Hoffman Sign

A

Detects enlarged LV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the MC accessory lobe seen on xray? Where is this lobe located & what causes it

A

Azygos, located (right MC) on top of lung & medial azygos vein doesn’t migrate in utero so lobe forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What sign on the diaphragm is considered a normal variant

A

Scalloping/eventration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

In regards to the answer to the question above, what could be possible causes of this sign

A

Nerve deficiency, abnormal muscle development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Eventration/scalloping is MC on which hemidiaphragm

A

Right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Complete eventration is MC on which hemidiaphragm

A

Left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the cause of tenting of the pleura

A

Atelectasis (MC d/t pneumonia), inflammation occurs followed by fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

How do you tell if there is rotation in an xray

A

The side person is rotated to will have increased space b/w clavicle & SP

48
Q

Which view is used to see the lung apices & right middle lobe? How is this view taken

A

Apical lordotic view, taken AP

49
Q

Air space = __________, whereas airway = _________

A

Alveoli; bronchi

50
Q

What are the 2 patterns of parenchymal lung disease

A

Air space & interstitial

51
Q

This parenchymal lung disease has fluid located in the alveoli

A

Air space

52
Q

What does air space disease look like on xray? What are 2 signs associated w/this

A

Looks hazy, cloud-like, fluffy Air bronchogram sign & silhouette sign (only w/air space dz)

53
Q

Which sign is only associated w/airspace disease & not w/interstitial

A

Silhouette sign

54
Q

What are acute etiologies of air space disease

A

Pulmonary edema & pneumonia

55
Q

What are chronic etiologies of airspace disease

A

Bronchoalveolar cell CA

56
Q

What is the air bronchogram sign

A

There is air in bronchioles, which can be seen d/t surrounding airspace disease

57
Q

What is the silhouette sign

A

Two tissues of the same density overlap, causing their margins not to be distinct

58
Q

Air space disease can be in: whole lung, one segment, or a lobe?

A

All of the above

59
Q

Right middle lobe causes a silhouette sign with:

A

Right heart border

60
Q

Lingula (upper left lobe) causes a silhouette with:

A

Left heart border

61
Q

Diaphragm causes a silhouette sign w/

A

Lower lung lobes

62
Q

Right anterior upper lobe causes a silhouette sign with:

A

Ascending aorta

63
Q

Apical segment of left upper lobe causes a silhouette sign with

A

Aortic arch

64
Q

How does interstitial disease look on xray & where is it NOT located

A

Looks stringy/linear, it is NOT in alveoli

65
Q

What are 3 patterns of interstitial disease

A

Reticular, nodular, reticulonodular

66
Q

Reticular insterstitial pattern looks like:

A

Lines

67
Q

Nodular insterstiail pattern looks like:

A

Dots/round density

68
Q

Reticulonodular interstitial pattern looks like:

A

Lines & dots

69
Q

Rheumatoid lung disease is associated w/which type of interstitial disease

A

Reticular

70
Q

Nodular interstitial disease has what disease associated w/it

A

Bronchogenic CA, mets to lungs, miliary disease

71
Q

What are the disease of reticulonodular interstitial disease:

A

Sarcoidosis, varicella zoster, lymphatic mets

72
Q

Which gender MC has rheumatoid lung disease? What interstitial pattern is it

A

Males, reticular

73
Q

Sarcoidosis stage 0

A

No radiographic findings

74
Q

Sarcoidosis stage 1

A

Bilateral hilar “potato nodes” & paratracheal lymph adenopathy

75
Q

Sarcoidosis stage 3

A

No hilar lymph adenopathy

76
Q

Sarcoidosis stage 4

A

Pulmonary fibrosis (mostly of mid & upper lungs), can lead to cor pulmonale

77
Q

What is an opacified hemithorax

A

One side of the thorax/chest is completely or almost completely radiopaque

78
Q

What are 5 major causes of an opacified hemithorax

A

Atelectasis, pneumonectomy, massive pleural effusion, pneumonia, tumor tissue

79
Q

What is atelectasis

A

Loss of volume in all or part of a lung

80
Q

What are 2 direct signs of atelectasis on an xray

A

Displacement of fissures & increased density

81
Q

What are 2 indirect signs of atelectasis on xray

A

Shifting on heart/mediastinum to the affected side & increased retrosternal clear space

82
Q

What are the types of atelectasis (6)

A

Discoid/plate-like/segmental Compressive Obstructive Passive Adhesive Cicatrization

83
Q

Platelike atelectasis is most likely d/t what? What is a common pt symptom?

A

Deactivation of surfactant Pt has splinting pain

84
Q

Which type of atelectasis is a form of passive atelectasis

A

Compressive atelectasis

85
Q

Which atelectasis is d/t SOL outside the lung

A

Passive

86
Q

Which type of atelectasis is d/t scarring & contraction/fibrosis of tissue

A

Cicatrization

87
Q

What is the MC type of atelectasis

A

Obstructive

88
Q

Describe the S sign of golden. What does it go with

A

Mass in RUL bronchi + elevated minor fissure (AKA reverse S sign of golden), with atelectasis Massive pleural effusin: Fluid in pleural space acts like a mass

89
Q

What are 3 common etiologies of massive pleural effusion? Which is MC

A

CHF (MC), bronchogenic CA, mesothelioma

90
Q

What happens to mediastinal structures in massive pleural effusion

A

They get pushed away from the affected side

91
Q

What are 3 causes of pleural effusion

A

Increased rate of fluid formation (CHF, Pneumonia) Decreased fluid resorption Peritoneal fluid moves thru diaphragm or via lymphatics

92
Q

Which type of pleural effusion has fluid b/w the parietal & visceral pleural layers

A

Subpulmonic

93
Q

The above type of effusion mimics what

A

Elevated hemi-diaphragm

94
Q

What are 3 reasons the costophrenic angles may have blunting

A

Pleural effusion, tumor, fibrosis

95
Q

Which costophrenic angle gets blunted first

A

Post costophrenic angle/sulcus

96
Q

What sign on xray is strongly suggestive of pleural effusion? Describe

A

Meniscus sign - U shaped (goes up on ant & post)

97
Q

Loculated pleural effusion has fluid located where & d/t what

A

Fluid in pleural space, d/t adhesions/fibrosis

98
Q

What are vanishing/pseudotumors? What are they MC assoc w/

A

Collections of pleural fluid b/w layers of a fissure, assoc w/CHF

99
Q

Where is the fluid located in laminar effusion

A

Band-like density across the lateral chest wall near the costophrenic angle

100
Q

What is the MC infectious disease in the world

A

Pneumonia

101
Q

What happen to mediastinal structures w/pneumonia of an entire lung

A

They don’t shift

102
Q

What is a complication of pneumonia that may be seen on xray

A

Empyema

103
Q

What are the 5 patterns of pneumonia

A

Lobar, interstitial, bronchopneumonia, aspiration, cavitary

104
Q

This pattern of pneumonia is MC assoc w/streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Lobar

105
Q

This pneumonia is MC assoc w/staph aureaus

A

Bronchopneumonia

106
Q

What are 2 etiologies of interstitial pneumonia? Which type of interstitial pattern does it have

A

Could be viral or from mycoplasma, pattern = reticular

107
Q

Where is round pneumonia MC located

A

Post lungs & lower lobes

108
Q

Which type of pneumonia is MC to occur w/post-primary (reactivation) TB

A

Cavitary pneumonia

109
Q

What is a cavity

A

Air-filled space w/in consolidiation, mass or nodule produced by the exudate of a necrotic lesion

110
Q

What size of cavity wall thickness indicates malignancy

A

> 15 mm (1.5 cm)

111
Q

What is seen on an xray of primary TB

A

None or ipsilateral lymphadenopathy

112
Q

Where does post-primary (reinfective) TB have a predilection for in the lungs

A

Post & apical segments of upper lobes, or sup segments of upper lobes

113
Q

Miliary TB is d/t what type of dissemination

A

Hematogenous (blood)

114
Q

What does na xray look like of miliary TB

A

Nodular pattern - small nodules scattered throughout both lungs

115
Q

On a pneumonectomy, how do the heart & mediastinal structures shift

A

Towards side lung has been removed

Soft Tissue Rad (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions