Soft Tissue Injuries and Fractures Flashcards
CTM assessment?
circulation temperature movement sensation
7 p’s?
pallor pulse puffiness paralysis parasthesia pain
Sprain?
stretch/tear ligament tissue surrounding a joint S&S: pain, edema, bruising, reduce function Treatment: Rest Ice Compression Elevation-above heart level
strain?
muscle/tendon over-stretching or tearing S&S: pain, edema, bruising, reduce function Treatment: Rest Ice- 20 on 20 off, after first 48 hrs, apple heat Compression Elevation-above heart level
dislocation?
complete displacement/separation of joint S&S: deformity, local pain, edema, loss of function Treatment: reduction of immobilization
subluxation?
partial separation of a joint surface
Fracture?
Disruption/break in the continuity of the structure of the bone. Classified according to: Open or closed (communication with the external environment, condition of the skin & tissue) Complete or incomplete Based on direction of fracture Displaced or not displaced Can be caused by trauma or disease process
Clinical Signs: Fractures?
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Stages of Bone Healing
Hematoma formation Production of granulation tissue Callus formation Ossification Consolidation Remodeling
OPEN REDUCTION care?
Correction of bone alignment through surgical incision Includes internal fixation with use of wires, screws, pins, plates, intramedullary rods, or nails
TRACTION: SKIN or SKELETAL care?
Application of a pulling force to an injured or diseased part of body or extremity, while counter-traction pulls in opposite direction Purpose of any traction Prevent or ↓ muscle spasm Immobilize joint or part of body ↓ a fracture or dislocation Treat a pathological joint condition Used for short-term treatment until skeletal traction or surgery is possible Tape, boots, or splints applied directly to skin to maintain alignment, assist in reduction, and help diminish muscle spasms in injured extremity Traction weights 2.3 to 4.5 kg assess for skin breakdown + traction remains in place
SKELETAL TRACTION
In place for longer periods Used to align injured bones and joints Pin or wire inserted into a bone Weight ranges 2 to 20 kg
IMMOBILIZATION?
Goal: maintain anatomical re-alignment Can be accomplished by: External devices Internal devices Casts
IMMOBILZATION: EXTERNAL FIXATION?
Attached directly to bone by percutaneous transfixing pins or wires
IMMOBILZATION: cast
Arm (short, long) Leg (short, long) Body (trunk) Spica (trunk and one or two extremities: single or double spica)