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Clinical lectures: Yr1 > Soft tissue injuries > Flashcards

Soft tissue injuries Flashcards

1
Q

In what 7 body structures can soft tissue injuries present?

A

Tendon, muscle, fat, skin, joint, ligament, neurovascular structures

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2
Q

In what 3 body structures are soft tissue injuries most common?

A

Muscle
Tendon
Ligament

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3
Q

What causes haematoma/bruising to present in a soft tissue injury, and what are 2 associated symptoms?

A

Bleeding into soft tissue, that can occur when injury occured by direct trauma

presents with swelling and discolouration

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4
Q

What causes a sprain, and give 4 examples of associated symptoms?

A

Overstretching or tearing of ligament

Presents with discolouration, sudden pain onset, loss of ability/power to bear weight, swelling

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5
Q

What type of soft tissue injury is acromioclavicular joint dislocation?

A

Sprain

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6
Q

What is acromioclavicular joint dislocation, and why does it commonly occur?

A

Acromioclavicular and/or coracoclavicular ligaments are stretched or torn, causing lateral end of clavicle to dislocate and elevate from acromion process

Commonly occurs due to fall and landing directly on AC joint

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7
Q

What are the grades of an acromioclavicular joint dislocation?

A

Grades I-VI

Least severe to most severe

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8
Q

Give 3 examples of symptoms of AC joint dislocation?

A

Bruising/haematoma
Swelling
Noticeable bump on shoulder, at site of dislocation

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9
Q

What 2 imaging mediums can be used to identify an AC joint dislocation?

A

MRI

X-ray

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10
Q

What are the 4 conservative treatments commonly used for AC joint dislocation management?

A

RICE
Physiotherapy
Pain relief
Sling for 6 weeks

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11
Q

If AC joint location is severe/high grade, how is this managed?

A

Surgery

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12
Q

Give 4 examples of symptoms of anterior cruciate ligament tear?

A

Unable to bear weight on affected leg

Rapid swelling

Loud/popping sensation in knee

Pain outside and back of knee

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13
Q

What 2 special tests are positive when there is anterior cruciate ligament tear?

A

Anterior draw test

Lachman’s test

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14
Q

How do you perform the anterior draw test, and what is the positive result?

A

Sit on patient’s foot, place thumbs on tibial tuberosity and pull forward

Positive: Tibia pulled forward by 5 mm or more

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15
Q

How do you perform the Lachman’s test, and what is the positive result?

A

Flex knee 30 degrees, put your hand on thigh to stabilise femur, pull tibia forward

Positive: tibia moves forward on affected leg but doesn’t move on other leg

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16
Q

Which special test is the most reliable for anterior cruciate ligament tear, and why?

A

Lachman’s test is more reliable than anterior draw test, as stabilising femur reduces affect of hamstrings which distort result

17
Q

What imaging medium is used to identify an ACL tear?

A

MRI

18
Q

What are 4 conservative treatments for ACL tear management?

A

RICE, pain relief, physiotherapy, brace

19
Q

How is surgical reconstruction of a torn ACL completed?

A

Graft taken from another tendon (eg. patella tendon), this is used to create new ACL

20
Q

What is whiplash injury?

A

Strain or sprain of the soft tissues around the neck area from rapid hyperextension and flexion of neck

21
Q

What causes a strain, and give 3 examples of associated symptoms?

A

Muscle overstretches or contracts too quickly, causing partial/complete tear of muscle and/or tendons

Presents with swelling, discolouration, pain on movement

22
Q

What is a distal biceps rupture?

A

Complete/partial detachment of distal biceps tendon from radial tuberosity insertion

23
Q

What is the most common cause of a distal biceps rupture?

A

Eccentric (opposite direction from weight) contraction of biceps when lifting heavy load

24
Q

Give 5 symptoms of a distal biceps rupture?

A

Bruising

muscle bunches near shoulder/above elbow

anterior arm and elbow swelling

painful flexion and forearm supination

popping sensation in arm

25
Q

What special test is used to identify a distal biceps rupture, and what is the positive result?

A

Abduct patient’s shoulder to 90 degrees, flex elbow to 90 degrees, supinate forearm and hook your finger under distal biceps tendon from lateral to medial side.

Positive test if there isn’t a hookable structure

26
Q

What 2 imaging mediums are used to identify a distal biceps rupture?

A

Ultrasound or MRI

27
Q

Are distal biceps tendon ruptures easy to identify or are they often missed soft tissue injuries?

A

Often missed

28
Q

Give 4 examples of treatments for distal biceps tendon rupture?

A

RICE, physiotherapy, sling

Surgical reconstruction of tendon

29
Q

Which group of individuals are distal biceps tendon ruptures most prevalent in?

A

Men aged late 40s to 50s

30
Q

What is an overuse injury?

A

Injury that develops slowly over time due to repetitive friction, pulling, twisting, or compression

31
Q

What is Achilles tendon tear and how does it commonly occur?

A

Partial/complete tear commonly arising from repetitive sprinting and jumping movements

32
Q

Give 4 symptoms of Achilles tendon tear?

A

heel pain/along Achilles tendon when walking or running

difficulty standing on toes

popping sound when tendon tears

clear tendon structure not visible behind foot

33
Q

When treating an Achilles tendon tear, what physical aid does the individual wear and why?

A

Walking boot with raised heel that is gradually removed for 3 months, as it holds foot in way so that tendon ends are held together so can heal

34
Q

What 2 imaging mediums are used to identify Achilles tendon tear?

A

Ultrasound or MRI

35
Q

Why is it important to educate patients about soft tissue injury management?

A

If they don’t modify activities, they can reinjure injury whilst it is still healing

36
Q

What are the 5 initial conservative treatments of soft tissue injuries?

A

Sling/splint, pain relief, RICE, physiotherapy, educating patients

37
Q

Are X-rays and CT scans used to identify soft tissue injuries?

A

Not soft tissue injuries themselves, but used to identify associated features

38
Q

Why are physical examinations and special tests of soft tissue injuries important?

A

Determine range of movement

Clinical lectures: Yr1 (28 decks)

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