soft tissue and mfr Flashcards
what techniques are directly applied to the muscular and fascial structures of the body and affect the associated neural and vascular elements. improves articular motion. uses force
soft tissue techniques
*directed toward tissues other than skeletal or arthropodal (only muscular or facial and facial parts)
what is in “soft tissue”
fascia muscles organs nerves vasculature lymphatic
fascial anatomy
“diety for the body”
connective tissue with collage and elastin in an amporhous metric of hydrated proteoglycans which mechanically links the collage fiber networks in these structures
T/F fascia is a complete sytem with blood supply, fluid drainage, and innervations
true
what comprises fascia ? what is its function?
irregular dense CT, fibrous elements of varying density
- involved in tissue protection and healing of surrounding systems (macrophages and mast cells)
- provides for mobility and stability of the MSK system
- elastic and contractile (myofibroblasts)
- stabilizes and maintains balance
NOT TENDONS LIGAMENTS OR APONEUROSES
what is pannicular fascia (aka panniculus)
outermost layer of fascia
- derived from somatic mesenchyme
- surrounds the entire body (except orifices}
- outer part is adipise
- inner part is membranous and adherent
what is axial and appendicular fascia (aka investing layer)
internal to the pannicular layer (fused to it)
-surrounds all of the muscles, periosteum of bone, and peritendon of tendons
what is meningeal fascia
surrounds the nervous systeml including the dura
what is visceral fascia
surrounds the body cavities (pleural, pericardial, and peritoneum)
___ of mechanoreceptors in the skin also have fields in loose fascia
___ % of stretch receptors for muscles and balance are in fascia
20%
75% (on 25% in muscle)
T/F fascia has liquid crystal like properties such as piezoelectricity
true
what is viscoelastic material
any material that deforms according to rate of loading and deformity
stress vs strain
stress- force that deforms CT
strain- percentage of deformation of CT
what is hysteresis
energy loss from loading and unloading in CT
*strecting CT to its plastic deformational range will bring about lengthening of the tissue
what is tissue creep
CT that has elongated (deformed) in response to constant load (below failure threshold)
ease vs bind
ease- direction CT moves the most in
bind- restriction of CT mobility
what is the concept pf the fascial sweater
fascial restrictions in one area of the body will create CT restrictions at a distance away from the original site of restriction = abnormal myofascial and joint mobility
what is hookes law
the strain (deformation) placed on an elastic body is in proportion to the stress (force) placed upon it
- strain is proportional to the stress
- deformation is proportional to force
what is wolff’s law
bone and fascia will develop according to the under stress placed upon it
direct vs indirect techniques
direct- goes toward the restrictive barrier
indirect- goes away from the barrier
what is sherrington’s law
when a muscle received a nerve impulse to contract, its antagonists receive an impulse to relax
*muscle contacts and antagonist relaxes
compensatory pattern vs uncompensated pattern
compensatory
- healthy
- common (L/R/L/R) or uncommon (R/L/R/L)
uncompensated
- usually symptomatic
- usually trauma involved
contraindication in severe osteoporosis
prone press may be contraindicated in thoracocostal region, but lateral recumbent techniques could be easily applied
contraindication of acute injuries
direct tenhcniques to injured muscles or joints may do additional damage and should not be performed with Soft tissue tecnhique
absolute ST contraindications
fracture/dislocatoin neurologic entrapment syndrome serious vascular compromise local malignancy local infection bleeding disorder
ST Technique
forces are very gentle and of low amplitude and are applied rhythmically (1-2 seconds of stretch followed by 1-2 sec of release)
- as the tissues respond the amplitude may increase but the rate of application remains the same
- NO FRICTION
- continued until desired affect is achieved
increase distance between origin and insertion of muscles always parallel with muscle fibers
stretch (ST technique)
- both hands move in opposite directions
- or anchor one end and pull muscle in direction on other end
repetitive pushing of tissue perpendicular to muscles fibers
kneading (ST technique)
pushing and holding perpinduclar to the fibers at the musculotendinous part of hypertonic muscle
-hold until relaxation of tissue
inhibition (ST technique)
*hypertonic = muscle contracted when not actively contracting it
what technique engages continual palpatory feedback to achieve release of myofascaial tissues
MFR
use in SD, cant use HVLA or MET, and counterstrain may be difficult secondary to a patients inability to relax
which technique is a treatment system in which combined procedures are designed to stretch and reflexively release patterned soft tissue and joint related restrictions
integrated neuromusculoskeletal release (INR)
- uses breath holding
- REMs (release enhancing maneuvers) speed the treatment process
what are 3 activating forces of MFR
REMS
- inherent forces (using bodies primary respiratory mechanism)
- respiratory cooperation (patient directed inhalation exhalation or hoping of breath)
- patient cooperation : patient asked to move to a position to aid in mobilizing specific areas of restriction
MFR treatment endpoint
- warmth, softening, or increase ROM of tissue
- no change presented after activating forces used
- tissue shows symmetry
