Sodium, Potassium, & Chlorine

Question 1

Na, K, Cl occur primarily where

Answer 1

body fluids & soft tissues

Question 2

main functions of Na, K, & Cl

Answer 2

1. maintain osmotic pressures (control passage of nutrients into cells)
2. acid-base balance in blood (maintain normal pH)
3. water metabolism in general (maintain normal fluid volume)

Question 3

how does the body regulate levels Na, K, Cl levels

Answer 3

conserving them during deprivation (primarily via kidney function)

Question 4

amount of NA in body

Answer 4

0.2%

mostly in body fluids

Question 5

primary cation of ECF

Answer 5

Na

Question 6

where does sodium occur

Answer 6

1. bases in blood serum (makes up 93%)

2. in muscles; helps with contractions (important to generate nerve action potential)

Question 7

where is sodium absorbed

Answer 7

mostly in small intestine

a little in the stomach

Question 8

how is sodium excreted

Answer 8

mostly via kidneys

in skin via severe sweating

Question 9

the 3 functions of sodium

Answer 9

1. osmotic pressure regulation
2. acid-base balance
3. muscle contraction

Question 10

a sodium deficiency causes mainly what 3 things

Answer 10

1. decreased feed consumption
2. poor growth & production
3. emaciation/wasting away

Question 11

animals require what percentage of Na in dietary intake

Answer 11

1. 0.1-0.2%

2. since plants have low Na animal diets often supplemented with salt

Question 12

percentage of K in body

Answer 12

0.2%

Question 13

K occurs primarily where in the body

Answer 13

intracellular fluid 
(more in blood cells than plasma)

Question 14

where is K absorbed

Answer 14

small intestine

Question 15

K is excreted in what 2 places/ways

Answer 15

90% from kidneys

by sweating

Question 16

requirement of K in body

Answer 16

0.2-0.3%

Question 17

4 functions of K

Answer 17

1. osmotic pressure
2. acid-base balance
3. muscle contraction - nerve impulses
4. enzyme cofactor

Question 18

4 deficiencies of K

Answer 18

1. reduced growth
2. heart lesions
3. tubular degenerations of kidneys
4. during pregnancy: muscle aches & weakness (bananas and oranges good sources of K)

Question 19

amount of Cl in body

Answer 19

0.1%

Question 20

is chlorine found inside or outside of cells?

Answer 20

both

Question 21

3 functions of Cl

Answer 21

1. osmotic pressure
2. acid-base balance
3. gastric secretions in stomach as HCl and salts
   
   • initiates hydrolysis & lowers pH
   • activates pepsinogen –> pepsin

Question 22

where is Cl absorbed

Answer 22

small intestine

Question 23

where is Cl excreted

Answer 23

kidneys

Question 24

what is the dietary requirement of Cl

Answer 24

0.05-0.1%