sodium abnormalities Flashcards
1
Q
what are the causes of hyponatraemia?
What are the drugs that cause it?
A
- dilutional
- increased water
- SIADH
- Addisons disease
- vomiting
- carbamazepine
- antidepressants
- diuretics
2
Q
what is the treatment?
what is classed as an emergency Na conc and what would you give?
A
- fluid restriction
- correct potassium or magnesium deficiency
- treat causes:
(heart failure, cirrhosis)
- (Addisons/ ketoacidosis)
- <115 mmol, 0.9% NaCl
3
Q
what are the symptoms of hyponatraemia?
what is the danger you must be aware of with correction?
A
- headache
- drowsiness
- seizure
- coma
- death
- central pontine demyelination
4
Q
what are the causes of hypernatraemia?
A
- dehydration
- impaired thirst
- diabetes insipidus
- D+V
- burns
5
Q
what are the symptoms of hypernatraemia?
A
- thirst
- confusion
- lethargy
- fever
- irritability
- n + v
6
Q
how should you treat hypernatraemia?
what should you watch out for with too rapid correction of hypernatraemia?
A
- slow infusion of NaCl 0.9%
- drink water
- infusion of 5% glucose in severe
- cerebral oedema
