Sodium

Question 1

kidneys see any hypoperfusion as:

Answer 1

volume depletion

Question 2

major extracellular cation

Answer 2

Na+

Question 3

major intracellular cation

Answer 3

K+

Question 4

major extracellular anions

Answer 4

HCO3-, Cl-

Question 5

major intracellular anions

Answer 5

protein

Question 6

Response to decreased ECF: (4)

Answer 6

1- ADH released via posterior pituitary
2- ANP inhibition
3- Renin via the kidney
4- RAAS, and stimulates thirst

Question 7

ECF is dependent on fx kidney and various receptors, which are (5) and they respond to:

Answer 7

• atria
• aortic arch
• carotid sinus
• juxtaglomerular apparatus
• pulmonary vasculature
• fullness and tension in the arteriole tree

Question 8

In these diseases, the body’s response to decreased ECV actually worsens the primary dz:

Answer 8

• HF
• Liver failure
• nephrotic syndrome

Question 9

Hyponatremia defined as:

Answer 9

<135 mEq/dL

Question 10

sxs associated w/ 125-130 mEq/L serum sodium:

Answer 10

nausea and malaise

Question 11

sxs associated w/ 115-125 mEq/L serum sodium:

Answer 11

HA, lethargy worsening to confusion

Question 12

sxs associated w/ <115 mEq/L serum sodium:

Answer 12

• worsening LOC to eventual obtundation
• sz
• respiratory arrest

Question 13

MC cases of hyponatremia result from this:

Answer 13

water imbalance (not a sodium imbalance)

Question 14

Euvolemic Hypotonic Hyponatremia w/ SIADH MC due to: (3)

Answer 14

• malignancy
• reset osmostat
• pain

Question 15

Euvolemic Hypotonic Hyponatremia: HIV often seen with these comorbidities: (2)

Answer 15

• PNA

- CNS dz

Question 16

Euvolemic Hypotonic Hyponatremia: sodium correction rate

Answer 16

correction rate of 0.5 mEq/L/hr with a maximum of 9 mEq/L in the first 24 hours