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2023 Fall Exams > SOCY 122 > Flashcards

SOCY 122 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Big Three?

A

Structural Functionalism, Conflict Theory, and Symbolic Interactionism

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2
Q

Who came up with the Big Three? Identify who came up with which theory.

A

Emile Durkheim - Structural Functionalism. Karl Marx - Conflict Theory. Max Weber - Symbolic Interactionism

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3
Q

Come up with an example scenario for each of the Big Three theories.

A

Ex. SF: Pandemics are good because they promote research on health care. CT: Education is bad because it trains students to only be good at one thing (working for the government). SI: Everyday interactions, such as buying coffee from a Starbucks cashier, holds meaning for both individuals.

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4
Q

What is positivism? Explain its various elements.

A

A philosophical system where things can be proven with evidence gathered through research. Ex. Objective research: Without bias and without searching for a specific outcome during the process of collecting data. Quantitative: Data is based on numerical values and concrete facts; found through populations, graphs, census etc.

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5
Q

What is interpretivism? Explain its various elements.

A

A school of thought used to research ideals and approaches about humans and society. Ex. Subjective research: Influenced by the person collecting the data, often searching for a specific outcome/answer. Qualitative: Data is not numerical, and instead focused on the values, experiences, emotions, attitudes, and behaviours of people; found through interviews, surveys, etc.

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6
Q

What is the difference between Colonialism and Imperialism?

A

Colonialism is when a nation is completely taken over by another, and every aspect if affected. Ex. British and French conquest of North America. Imperialism is when a nation solely impacts another’s economic and political systems. Ex. The Roman Empire.

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7
Q

How does the study of Sociology relate to Colonialism and Imperialism?

A

Rooted in western ideas, research methods, calendars etc. Takes away from Indigenous peoples, ignores other marginalized groups based on race, gender, class, etc.

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8
Q

What are some of the critiques of the Big Three? (Hint: there are three)

A
  1. The theories (and sociology in general) were created through an imperial lens and are very whitewashed/male oriented.
  2. Race, class, and gender are often ignored, and when they are acknowledged, it is through western and imperialist ideals.
  3. They are interested in global difference instead of social action. (My interpretation of this is that they just critique society instead of doing anything to make it better, but I could be wrong)
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9
Q

Is positivism a macro or micro perspective? Why?

A

Marco; looks at broad information about society rather than individuals

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10
Q

Is interpretivism a macro of micro perspective? Why?

A

Micro; looks at the thoughts/feelings/experiences of individuals

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11
Q

What does TERF mean?

A

Trans Exclusionary Radical Feminists

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12
Q

What are three elements of gender?

A

Socially constructed, historical (changes over time), and performative.

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13
Q

What are three criticisms of Queer Theory?

A
  1. Westernized
  2. Inaccessible
  3. Focuses too much on individual identities
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14
Q

How does Queer Theory relate to Structural Functionalism?

A

If enough people are queer, “procreation may eventually cease.”

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15
Q

How does Queer Theory relate to Conflict Theory?

A

Higher class people/institutions use gender and sexuality to exploit individuals with less power, and as a way to keep them there.

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16
Q

How does Queer Theory relate to Symbolic Interactionism?

A

How one presents their gender and their sexual behaviours is symbolic and holds meaning for people in their interactions and relationships with others.

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17
Q

Which sociologist came up with the Theory of Intersectionality?

A

Kimberlé Crenshaw

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18
Q

What is the Theory of Intersectionality?

A

Intersectionality is when oppression of two or more minorities overlap. Ex. Black/Queer women.

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19
Q

How is Intersectionality connected to Feminist theory?

A

It can be used as an analytical tool to look at feminist theory. For ex.

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20
Q

What is Feminist Theory?

A

The belief that women are oppressed in society based on gender.

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21
Q

What is Critical Race Theory?

A

CRT states that racism is ingrained in our society, especially in legal and social institutions. This is because it was designed by and for white people.

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22
Q

What is Black Feminist Thought?

A

BFT focuses on the perspective of black women. It rejects how white and male dominated the study of sociology is, and it seeks to inform sociologists and society on the reality of being a black woman. It is sociologically significant because it is from the point of view of black women in the field of sociology.

23
Q

List three things that Feminism is concerned with.

A
  1. How gender norms and roles leads to the mistreatment of women
  2. How women need to be centralized in research
  3. How gender can be deconstructed to emancipate (free from legal and political restrictions) women
24
Q

What is a question that a Structural Functionalist would ask about Feminism? Discuss the answer to this question.

A

How does gendered differentiation contribute to social stability? What functions do gender roles and norms serve?

25
Q

What is a question that a Conflict Theorist would ask about Feminism? Discuss the answer to this question.

A

How does gender contribute to economic inequality between men and women?

26
Q

What is a question that a Symbolic Interactions would ask about Feminism? Discuss the answer to this question.

A

How does gender affect our every day interactions? How is gender socially constructed?

27
Q

What are the goals of Feminist Methodology, according to Default (1996) (Hint: there are three)

A
  1. Finding what about women has been ignored, oppressed and censored
  2. Searching for a science that minimizes harm to women
  3. Looking for a methodology (system of methods used to achieve something) that will support research to benefit women. Ex. Putting laws in place to test car safety features on women/pregnant women.
28
Q

What is the Colour Line by William Du Bois?

A

Argues that race is a tool used by the upper class to exploit the working class members of society based on race.

29
Q

What are the four waves of Feminism?

A
  1. Suffrage (Late 1800s - early 1900s)
  2. Right to work, education and equal pay (1960s-1970s)
  3. Broadening Feminism to more than just white women (1990s-present)
  4. Combining Feminism with Intersectionality and the impact of the media (2010s-present)
30
Q

Black Feminist Thought was created by ________ as a response to ________.

A

Patricia Collins, Critical Race Theory

31
Q

What is deviance?

A

Behaviour that is not a part of social and societal norms, or that stray away from the expectations of a group.

32
Q

What are the four elements of Social Bond (Hirshi 1969)?

A
  1. Attachment to others through pro-social relationships like family and friends. People with attachment to others are going to be less likely to engage in deviance in fear of losing those attachments or disappointing people.
  2. Commitment, reluctance to act in behaviours that will make you lose things such as your education or career since you’ve put in so much time and effort.
  3. Involvement is the premise that there are only so many hours in a. day, and that one does not have enough time to engage in deviant activities.
  4. Belief is the extent to which someone believes in the common values of society and the law. If an individual thinks that the law is bullshit, they are less likely to follow it.
33
Q

What is the Strain Theory by Merton?

A

A combination of sociology and criminology that suggests that society puts too much pressure on individuals to achieve certain goals. Ex. going to university after high school.

34
Q

Explain the difference between Primary and Secondary Deviance.

A

Primary - Deviance that causes no long term consequences

Secondary - Deviance that changes one’s values over time

35
Q

What are the steps of the research process?

A
  1. Define the problem
  2. Review the literature
  3. Formulate research question/hypothesis
  4. Selecting the research design (type of data)
  5. Developing the conclusion
36
Q

Name 2 examples of types of data.

A

Interviews, experiments, content analysis, questionaire, field research, secondary analysis.

37
Q

What is stigma?

A

The situation of a person who is excluded from the norm. Ex. Kat from Euphoria.

38
Q

Discuss how Intersectionality and Criminology are related.

A

Female and queer criminals are often ignored, (Feminist theory and Queer theory) and POC have higher percentages of crime.

39
Q

What are the four forms of capital?

A
  1. Economic
  2. Social
  3. Cultural
  4. Symbolic
40
Q

List the three components of Freud’s “Self”

A

ID, Ego, Superego

41
Q

What is the Looking Glass Self?

A

Colley: We learn who we are based on our interactions with others (supports symbolic interactionism)

42
Q

What are Mead’s thoughts on the “Self”?

A

The 1 (our acting self, the part that walks, reads, smiles, etc.) and the Me (out socialized self)

43
Q

What are Mead’s three stages of Self-developement?

A
  • Preparatory stage (0-3)
  • Play stage (3-5)
  • Game stage (6-9)
44
Q

What is the difference between the front and back stage self?

A

Idealized display to skew to the public vs. who you really are when you are alone.

45
Q

What is Code Switching?

A

Adjusting things about yourself to make those around you more comfortable.

46
Q

Difference between absolute and relative poverty

A

Lacking resources which leads to hunger vs. deficiency in material compared to those around you.

47
Q

The Human Poverty Index does what?

A

Looks at how poverty affects people, their lives, and their health.

48
Q

What are the 6 elements of social structure?

A

Statuses, social roles, groups, social networks, virtual worlds, social institutions.

49
Q

Which theory suggests that criminal behaviour is learned and not inherited?

A

Differential association

50
Q

Which scholar came up with Black Feminist Thought?

A

Patricia Collins

51
Q

Who came up with the term “sociological imagination?”

A

C. Wright Mills

52
Q

Who was Freidrich Engels?

A

Worked with Karl Marx on the Communist Manifesto and heavily influenced Marx’s work

53
Q

Who came up with the Looking Glass Self?

A

Charles Cooley

2023 Fall Exams (4 decks)

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