SOCW 310 Exam 2 (Ch 8-9 and 12) Flashcards

Question

(VIII) Signs of mania

Answer 1

The dominant feature of bipolar disorder is the presence of manic episodes (mania) with intervening periods of depression. Among the symptoms of mania are “a distinct period of abnor-mally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013a, p. 124) and at least three of the following: ●inflated self-esteem or grandiosity ● Decreased need for sleep ● More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking ● Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing-flight of ideas, in which the client’s response seems to “take off” based on a par-ticular word or thought, unrelated to logical progression or the original point of the communication. These dif-ficulties in coherence may be indicative of head injury, mania, or thought disorders such as schizophrenia. ●Distractibility (i.e., attention too easily drawn to unimportant or irrelevant external stimuli), as reported or observed ●Increase in goal-directed activity (either socially, at work or school, or sexually) or psychomotor agitation (i.e., purpose-less non-goal-directed activity) Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities with a high potential for painful consequences, such as unrestrained buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, or unwise business investments -Full-blown manic episodes require that symptoms be suffi-ciently severe to cause marked impairment in job performance or relationships or to necessitate hospitalization to protect patients or others from harm.

Answer 2

The most consistently predictive of these factors is past violent behavior or criminal behavior. Additional risk factors include early age of first criminal offense, substance abuse, gender (violence by men generally exceeds that by women), and psychopathy. several dynamic risk fac-tors such as impulsiveness, anger, psychosis, inter-personal problems, and antisocial attitudes that may impact violence, but no predictive conclusions can yet be drawn (Andrade, 2009). For youth violence, there are a variety of risk factors, including prior history of violence, early initiation of violence, school achieve-ment problems, abuse, maltreatment and neglect, substance use problems, impulsivity, negative peer relationships, and community crime and violence

Answer 3

People who do not believe that they can influence their environments may demonstrate a kind of learned helplessness, a passive resignation that their lives are out of their hands. Others may be at dif-ferent phases in their readiness to change. Involuntary clients my express less motivation to change given that they are being forced into treatment. For example, if a someone does not see their drinking as problematic but has been coerced into attending treatment by their family, motivation to change may be low. Asking clients about their goals and what changes they would like to make is a good way to start assessing motivation.

Answer 4

-Spirituality reflects the “human search for tran-scendence, meaning and connectedness beyond the self” -religion refers to a “more formal embodi-ment of spirituality into relatively specific belief systems, organizations and structures”

Answer 5

A spiritual assessment-may help the social worker better understand the client’s belief system and resources. While spirituality is almost always a part of religion, individuals may consider themselves to be spiritual without prescribing to religious doctrines or belonging to a specific reli-gious group.

Answer 6

Client-driven goals are more likely to reflect client strengths, be sensitive to their experience of trauma, and more likely to empower cli-ents rather than marginalize or oppress them. -goals are the most effective if client centered -Motivational Congruence: satisfies mandates of requirements, but also meets long term goals prioritized by clients. 1. What is the mandate? Ask clients to explain in their own words and share their views. 2. What is the rationale? 3. What options are available to fulfill the mandate? -Your goal is to find common ground: may involve bridging a gap or negotiating.

Answer 7

S-specific M-measurable A-achievable R-realistic T-time oriented EX: OG goal  Client will improve their mental health SMART goal  Over the next six months, client will attend weekly counseling with aim to reduce experience of depression as measured by PHQ9

Answer 8

Frame people’s ambitions within their identities and values In Social Work Practice, can take up to a year to accomplish In general when you think of long term goals for yourself, 3-5 years or even longer can be the time frame. Can fail to motivate people in the short-term because they seem overwhelming.

Answer 9

Are often “partialized” version of a long-term goal. Possess 1+ parts of the SMART goals framework Help to make progress towards the long term goal.

Answer 10

 Approach goals identify a positive end state, emphasizing growth and change “To gain the freedom to make my own decisions about my schedule and how I care for my baby”  Avoidance goals identify a future state to be avoided or minimized “To get staff to stop telling me what to do.”

Answer 11

 Performance goals define a final outcome “Bettina will have saved enough money to move into her own apartment by her 19th birthday”  Learning goals emphasize a process and the acquisition of knowledge and skills that people can use to achieve short and long term goals. “Bettina will know about the benefits and disadvantages of bank savings, bank loans, and credit cards.”

Answer 12

 Empowerment oriented goals are framed toward self-determination and agency. “Parent will identify role models for expressing masculinity without violence.”  Compliance and conformity goals are responsive to the requirements of larger social systems and authority figures. “Parent will maintain a clean, safe home environment for their children.”  Risk-Resilience goals identifies changes in risk and protectives processes that are likely to alleviate presenting problems. “Youth will avoid after school contact with peers who are actively using drugs.”

Answer 13

-You should still be actively including minors in decision making process about their goals! -give choices -take input seriously

Answer 14

Measurements taken before implementing change-oriented interventions are termed baseline measures because they provide a baseline against which measures of progress can be compared.

Answer 15

Therefore, a comprehensive assess-ment should use the ecological perspective introduced in Chapter 2 to address individual functioning while also considering the larger social context (e.g., family, work/ school, social conditions, racism, oppression, cultural factors) that impact the client. A comprehensive assessment of the individual considers a variety of elements, including biophysical, cognitive/perceptual, affective (emotional), and behavioral factors and examines the ways that these interact and affect inter-actions with people and institutions in the individual’s environment

Answer 16

A written assessment summarizes the client’s presenting problem(s); current functioning including mood, affect, and cognition; treat-ment goals; social, medical, and mental health history; sources of strength and adversity; possible resources; and factors contributing to the problem. Because assessments must constantly be updated and revised, it is helpful to think of an assessment as a complex working hypothesis based on the most current data available. Typically, an initial social work assessment, con-ducted with new clients over the first one or two ses-sions, takes the form of a biopsychosocial assessment and is global in nature. The purpose of initial assessments is to paint a comprehensive picture of the client and their presenting problem and strengths.

Answer 17

As noted in Chapter 2, the strengths perspective counters the focus on pathol-ogy and highlights the importance of attending to clients’ strengths, including available supports, coping mechanisms, and problem-solving abilities. Social work-ers should infuse their assessments with the strengths-based perspective and ask questions such as: 1. How have you been coping with your presenting problem? 2. What resources or supports have you been using? 3. What qualities do you have that have enabled you to keep going in the face of such difficulty and stress?

Answer 18

A developmental assessment may be particularly relevant for understanding the child’s history and current situation. With this type of assessment, a parent or other caregiver provides information about the circumstances of the child’s delivery, birth, and infancy; achievement of developmental milestones (e.g., language, motor development); family description and atmosphere (e.g., ages of family members, who lives in the home, finan-cial situation, family relationship dynamics); interests (e.g., hobbies, friends); significant life transitions (e.g., separations from caregivers, loss of loved ones to death); presenting problem including history of the problem; and school history (Jordan & Hickerson, 2003; Konrad, 2019; Levy & Frank, 2011). This information helps form impressions about the child’s experiences and life events, especially as they may relate to their current functioning.

Answer 19

Cognitive theory holds that thought patterns fuel psycho-logical problems

Answer 20

In general, intervention goals for involuntary clients should be consistent with the mandates that brought them into the service system in the first place. However, this can be a significant challenge for involuntary clients who disagree with the referring authority or who resent the loss of freedom and control represented by the imposition of treatment man-dates.

Answer 21

Goal specificity is usually conceptualized in one or more of four dimensions: behavioral description, time, person, place. Often, goal specificity can be enhanced by simply asking clients to provide elaborated behav-ioral descriptions of metaphors and ambiguous words or phrases,

Answer 22

The purpose of identifying high-priority goals is to ensure that beginning change efforts are directed toward the goals of utmost importance to clients. Depending on the nature of the goals, the client’s devel-opmental stage, the resources available to the client, and the time required, settling on no more than three goals is advisable for most clients. In cases with multiple mandated goals, you can help the client to prioritize so that they are more manageable, emphasizing those that have a greater consequence.