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Honors Civics > Socrates, Plato, Aristotle > Flashcards

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Flashcards

1
Q

Maslow’s (Physiologist) Hierarchy of Needs

A
  1. Physiological needs
  2. Safety needs
  3. Love and belonging
  4. esteem
  5. self actualization
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2
Q

Physiological needs

A

Air, water, food, shelter, sleep, clothing, reproduction

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3
Q

Safety needs

A

Person, security, employment, resources, health, property

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4
Q

Love and belonging

A

Friendship, intimacy, family, sense of connection

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5
Q

Esteem

A

Respect, self-esteem, status, recognition, strength, freedom

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6
Q

Self actualization

A

Desire to become the most that one can be

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7
Q

Order of teachers and student

A

Socrates is Plato’s teacher. Plato is Aristotle‘s teacher.

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8
Q

What did Socrates never do?

A

He never wrote anything down so we don’t know what he really said and what is Plato’s opinion

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9
Q

What did the golden age of Athens function as?

A

A direct democracy

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10
Q

Some functions of a direct democracy

A

Citizens vote on every issue
Citizens are male
They had to be a certain age
And both parents had to be born in Athens to be a citizen

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11
Q

Some Rights during the golden age of Athens

A

Each citizen is equal before the law
All citizens, regardless of wealth must be allowed to participate in elections/voting
Citizens Pay for public officials, which made it possible for the last affluent to be able to hold office
The assembly, is where all male citizens have the right to speak, and vote on issues on facing the city state

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12
Q

How might be obligations of citizenship in Athens, affect the education of its citizens?

A
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13
Q

What Civic skills might Athenian citizens need?

A

Need to learn analysis
Research
Think on their feet
Discuss, debate, advocate
Ask questions

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14
Q

What Where are the Sophists?

A

They or a professional teachers, who traveled through Greece offering training in speech making, and reasoning to students.

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15
Q

Question and answer method of teaching is called…

A

Socratic dialogue

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16
Q

Socrates acted as a …

A

Teacher that provided instruction in public forums

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17
Q

What did Socrates, publicly speak out about?

A

Democracy this made him be viewed as a mentor of the Thirty Tyrants that overthrew the Athenian government in 405 BCE for a short amount of time

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18
Q

What charges did, Socrates, receive when he went to trial?

A

Refusal to recognize the gods, introducing new divinities, and corrupting the youth of Athens

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19
Q

How Many citizens, right to trial, how long does it last, and how many people found him guilty?

A

There were 500 citizens at the trial, lasted 9-10 hours, and the vote was 280 to 220 that voted.

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20
Q

What were the two choices that he was given as punishment and what did he choose?

A

He could leave Athens and never teach again or he could die. He chose death by hemlock(a weed that is poisonous when ingested)

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21
Q

What lesson about governing and government, do you think Plato took from Socrates’ trial?

A
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22
Q

Purpose = ?

A

Telos

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23
Q

Purpose of a human is …?

A

Learn. Love wisdom
Discover |
Think Philosophy

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24
Q

Theory of the forms

A

Everything (every idea/concept) there exists a perfect form of it.
Life is a shadow of the perfect forms

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25
Q

Telos = ?

A

purpose of a thing

26
Q

Telos of a state is

A

justice

27
Q

Philosophers spend their lives studying…?

A

justice

28
Q

unfairness/ injustice leads to

A

conflict

29
Q

Conflict leads to

A

Factions

30
Q

Factions lead to

A

destruction of societies as they compete for power

31
Q

Justice leads to

A

unity and a healthy stable state

32
Q

The role of a philosopher king is to

A

create a just or ideal society

33
Q

Trivial decision will be made by

A

the individual (affect individual)

34
Q

non-trivial decisions with be made by

A

Philosopher kings (affect the group)

35
Q

Philosophers work to create an

A

ideal society

36
Q

Plato’s ideal society

A

Philosopher - talent and desire to learn the forms (especially justice)
Soldiers - people who most posses courage
Workers - producers

37
Q

Children - show talent for philosophy
Educated by the philosophers

A

Most talented kids become PKs

38
Q

Rulers should not love or want

A

POWER

39
Q

Democracy always ends in

A

tyranny

40
Q

Democracy -> tyranny

A

1.Everyone is equal
2. Everyone has an equal right to lead
3. Those who are interested in power will compete for leadership
4. Competing leaders strategy
brag/boast
Degrading their opponent
Promise voters what they want
5. Factions will form around competing leaders
6. Violence
In the end a tyrant will emerge

41
Q

Aristotle where is he from?

A

Not an Athenian -> Macedonia

42
Q

How does Aristotle go to Plato’s academy?

A

Parents die at young age and sent to Plato’s Academy at 17
Will remain there until his 40s

43
Q

When Aristotle leaves Athens where does he go and who does he work for?

A

He returns to Macedonia where he becomes a tutor/teacher.
Working for King Phillip of Macedonia
Student is Phillip’s son Alexander
Alexander the Great

44
Q

Aristotle lives in the world of…?

A

the Practical
EVIDENCE BASED CONCLUSIONS

45
Q

Aristotle is the father of…?

A

Political Science

46
Q

Telos of human beings is to live a life of

A

virtue

47
Q

Virtue is the

A

golden mean

48
Q

Golden Mean

A
  1. You don’t want a lack or deficiency of something
  2. You don’t want an excess amount of something
  3. You want in the middle.
49
Q

Examples of lack or deficiency of something

A

Cowardice
Stinginess
Surly

50
Q

examples of an excess amount of something

A

Reckless
Careless
Overbearing / overly friendly

51
Q

An example of in the middle

A

Courage
Generosity / charitable
Nice

52
Q

To discover the Golden Mean you need

A

Logos

53
Q

Logos

A

Only humans can talk and reason
Humans telos must be logos
Logos -> virtue

54
Q

Telos of a state is to…?

A

create conditions under which humans can practice logos and get to a life of virtue/ GM

55
Q

Aristotle’s Typology

A
56
Q

Class faction

A

Rich are few the poor are many
The poor are the problem of democracy. Poor vote is equal to rich vote
The poor always outnumber the rich.
The poor always get their way
When voting the poor will always vote to take from the rich
The rich are going to get angry
Rich will use their money for violence
Rich will suppress the poor and assume power
Therefor democracy ends in tyranny

57
Q

We don’t live in a democracy, we live in a…?

A

federalist republic with democratic principles

58
Q

Virtue->

A

eudaimonia

59
Q

Democracy is the worst because

A
  1. Factions in every society
  2. Factions based on social class
  3. More poor than rich
  4. When voting Poor over rich
    • Poor vote to take from the rich
    • Rich will resort to violence
  5. Tyrant/ oligarchy will step up to stop the violence
  6. All democracies end in tyrannies
60
Q

POLITY

A

Representative body to govern
FROM GOOGLE:
political organization
a specific form of political organization
a politically organized unit
: the form or constitution of a politically organized unit
: the form of government of a religious denomination

Honors Civics (1 decks)

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