Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Flashcards
Maslow’s (Physiologist) Hierarchy of Needs
- Physiological needs
- Safety needs
- Love and belonging
- esteem
- self actualization
Physiological needs
Air, water, food, shelter, sleep, clothing, reproduction
Safety needs
Person, security, employment, resources, health, property
Love and belonging
Friendship, intimacy, family, sense of connection
Esteem
Respect, self-esteem, status, recognition, strength, freedom
Self actualization
Desire to become the most that one can be
Order of teachers and student
Socrates is Plato’s teacher. Plato is Aristotle‘s teacher.
What did Socrates never do?
He never wrote anything down so we don’t know what he really said and what is Plato’s opinion
What did the golden age of Athens function as?
A direct democracy
Some functions of a direct democracy
Citizens vote on every issue
Citizens are male
They had to be a certain age
And both parents had to be born in Athens to be a citizen
Some Rights during the golden age of Athens
Each citizen is equal before the law
All citizens, regardless of wealth must be allowed to participate in elections/voting
Citizens Pay for public officials, which made it possible for the last affluent to be able to hold office
The assembly, is where all male citizens have the right to speak, and vote on issues on facing the city state
How might be obligations of citizenship in Athens, affect the education of its citizens?
What Civic skills might Athenian citizens need?
Need to learn analysis
Research
Think on their feet
Discuss, debate, advocate
Ask questions
What Where are the Sophists?
They or a professional teachers, who traveled through Greece offering training in speech making, and reasoning to students.
Question and answer method of teaching is called…
Socratic dialogue
Socrates acted as a …
Teacher that provided instruction in public forums
What did Socrates, publicly speak out about?
Democracy this made him be viewed as a mentor of the Thirty Tyrants that overthrew the Athenian government in 405 BCE for a short amount of time
What charges did, Socrates, receive when he went to trial?
Refusal to recognize the gods, introducing new divinities, and corrupting the youth of Athens
How Many citizens, right to trial, how long does it last, and how many people found him guilty?
There were 500 citizens at the trial, lasted 9-10 hours, and the vote was 280 to 220 that voted.
What were the two choices that he was given as punishment and what did he choose?
He could leave Athens and never teach again or he could die. He chose death by hemlock(a weed that is poisonous when ingested)
What lesson about governing and government, do you think Plato took from Socrates’ trial?
Purpose = ?
Telos
Purpose of a human is …?
Learn. Love wisdom
Discover |
Think Philosophy
Theory of the forms
Everything (every idea/concept) there exists a perfect form of it.
Life is a shadow of the perfect forms
Telos = ?
purpose of a thing
Telos of a state is
justice
Philosophers spend their lives studying…?
justice
unfairness/ injustice leads to
conflict
Conflict leads to
Factions
Factions lead to
destruction of societies as they compete for power
Justice leads to
unity and a healthy stable state
The role of a philosopher king is to
create a just or ideal society
Trivial decision will be made by
the individual (affect individual)
non-trivial decisions with be made by
Philosopher kings (affect the group)
Philosophers work to create an
ideal society
Plato’s ideal society
Philosopher - talent and desire to learn the forms (especially justice)
Soldiers - people who most posses courage
Workers - producers
Children - show talent for philosophy
Educated by the philosophers
Most talented kids become PKs
Rulers should not love or want
POWER
Democracy always ends in
tyranny
Democracy -> tyranny
1.Everyone is equal
2. Everyone has an equal right to lead
3. Those who are interested in power will compete for leadership
4. Competing leaders strategy
brag/boast
Degrading their opponent
Promise voters what they want
5. Factions will form around competing leaders
6. Violence
In the end a tyrant will emerge
Aristotle where is he from?
Not an Athenian -> Macedonia
How does Aristotle go to Plato’s academy?
Parents die at young age and sent to Plato’s Academy at 17
Will remain there until his 40s
When Aristotle leaves Athens where does he go and who does he work for?
He returns to Macedonia where he becomes a tutor/teacher.
Working for King Phillip of Macedonia
Student is Phillip’s son Alexander
Alexander the Great
Aristotle lives in the world of…?
the Practical
EVIDENCE BASED CONCLUSIONS
Aristotle is the father of…?
Political Science
Telos of human beings is to live a life of
virtue
Virtue is the
golden mean
Golden Mean
- You don’t want a lack or deficiency of something
- You don’t want an excess amount of something
- You want in the middle.
Examples of lack or deficiency of something
Cowardice
Stinginess
Surly
examples of an excess amount of something
Reckless
Careless
Overbearing / overly friendly
An example of in the middle
Courage
Generosity / charitable
Nice
To discover the Golden Mean you need
Logos
Logos
Only humans can talk and reason
Humans telos must be logos
Logos -> virtue
Telos of a state is to…?
create conditions under which humans can practice logos and get to a life of virtue/ GM
Aristotle’s Typology
Class faction
Rich are few the poor are many
The poor are the problem of democracy. Poor vote is equal to rich vote
The poor always outnumber the rich.
The poor always get their way
When voting the poor will always vote to take from the rich
The rich are going to get angry
Rich will use their money for violence
Rich will suppress the poor and assume power
Therefor democracy ends in tyranny
We don’t live in a democracy, we live in a…?
federalist republic with democratic principles
Virtue->
eudaimonia
Democracy is the worst because
- Factions in every society
- Factions based on social class
- More poor than rich
- When voting Poor over rich
- Poor vote to take from the rich
- Rich will resort to violence
- Tyrant/ oligarchy will step up to stop the violence
- All democracies end in tyrannies
POLITY
Representative body to govern
FROM GOOGLE:
political organization
a specific form of political organization
a politically organized unit
: the form or constitution of a politically organized unit
: the form of government of a religious denomination
