Sociology Quiz 4, 5,6,7 sample questions for Exam 2

Question 1

According to the OpenStax textbook (pp. 65-81), _________ is associated with the pattern of cultural experiences and attitudes that exist in the lowest class segments of a society.

Answer 1

Low culture

Question 2

According to the OpenStax textbook (pp. 65-81), if a sociologist practices cultural relativism in their ethnography of a religious commune. This means that the sociologist ______.

Answer 2

Assesses the culture by its own standards rather than viewing it through the lens of one’s own culture

Question 3

Frank notices that their new neighbor is building a machine in the backyard. When Frank inquires what it is, their neighbor explains that its a pumpkin catapult for a competition, and shows Frank dozens of pictures of various national events and tournaments involving hundreds of people. Frank’s neighbor is involved in a:

Answer 3

Subculture

Question 4

In his article, “Becoming a Marihuana User,” Howard Becker argues that those who continue to use marijuana must:

Answer 4

Learn how to get high, how to recognize the effects and connect them with use, and learn to enjoy being high

Question 5

Hypothetically, a sociologist travels to the nation of Mali in northern Africa to study rites of passage for young women entering adulthood. This sociologist finds that many young women are pressured to undergo a form of genital cutting involving removal of the clitoris, inner labia, and outer labia. The sociologist is outraged and begins encouraging young women to resist this cultural practice. According to the OpenStax textbook (pp. 65-81), this reaction would be characterized as _______.

Answer 5

Ethnocentrism

Question 6

In his article, “Becoming a Marihuana User,” Howard Becker claims that we take on social roles that we encounter through socialization with other people. Theoretically, learning the social roles of those around us through face-to-face encounters fits best within which theoretical paradigm.

Answer 6

Symbolic interactionism

Question 7

According to the OpenStax textbook (pp. 65-81), a form of culture that is associated with intellectualism, political power, and prestige is ___.

Answer 7

High Culture

Question 8

In his article, “Becoming a Marihuana User,” Howard Becker argues that marijuana use is a product of one’s ______.

Answer 8

Social experiences with other drug users

Question 9

According to the OpenStax textbook (pp. 65-81), a social norm that dictates that students will not plagiarize, use another person’s writing without giving credit, on papers. If a student plagiarizes, there are institutional sanctions up to expulsion. This would be characterized as a breach of one of the ______ of higher education.

Answer 9

Mores

Question 10

According to the OpenStax textbook (pp.65-81), ______ is the belief that another’s culture is superior to one’s own.

Answer 10

xenocentrism

Question 11

Which of the following best characterizes how Max Weber theorizes “the protestant work ethic?”

Answer 11

Protestantism supports the pursuit of profit by motivating believers to work hard, be successful, and not spend their profits on material goods

Question 12

In The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Max Weber analyzes the following social institutions:

Answer 12

Religion and economy

Question 13

The concept of “the iron cage” was popularized by ________.

Answer 13

Max Weber

Question 14

In “The Power Elite,” C. Wright Mills finds that the “power elite” are heads of what institutions?

Answer 14

Military, economy, and government

Question 15

The “Protestant Work Ethic” is based on the concept of predestination, which states _______.

Answer 15

God has chosen who will be saved and those who will be damned

Question 16

According to Mills, which of the following definitions best characterizes “the power elite?”

Answer 16

A small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society who hold the power and resources

Question 17

Insofar as Mills’ insights on “the power elite” focus on the consolidation of power among small subset of the population, dividing the population into haves and have-nots, this research can be classified as an example of what theoretical tradition?

Answer 17

Conflict Theory

Question 18

In his book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Max Weber discusses a “steel-hard casing” or “iron cage.” Which of the best statements best describes this iron cage?

Answer 18

The modern economic order characterized by institutions and bureaucracy; an economy bound to the technical and economic conditions of mechanized, machine-based production

Question 19

According to Max Weber’s concept of “rationalization,” a rational society is one that _______.

Answer 19

is built around logic and efficiency by promoting efficiency and merit-based success.

Question 20

Which of the following statements most closely reflects Max Weber’s characterization of Puritan/Protestant beliefs on wealth acquisition?

Answer 20

Wealth acquisition, as a result of one’s vocational calling, is seen as a sign of God’s blessing

Question 21

According to Karl Marx, which of the following characteristics describes the “Bourgeoisie?”

Answer 21

They own the means of production

Question 22

According to the OpenStax textbook (pp. 235-55), how would you classify a sociological theory of inequality that asserts the following? “Stratification is necessary because it represents the unequal value of different work. It is essential that a society ensures that qualified people are placed into functionally essential positions.”

Answer 22

Structural Functionalism

Question 23

According to Karl Marx, the “Proletariat” are best characterized as:

Answer 23

The working class

Question 24

According to the OpenStax textbook (pp. 235-55), social stratification involves categorizing people into rankings based on ______.

Answer 24

Wealth, Income, Education, and Power

Question 25

According to the OpenStax textbook (pp. 235-55), someone who is born to working-class parents in Glynn County, goes to Coastal and gets a bachelor’s degree, and ends up having an upper-middle-class standard of living has experienced ____________, relative to the social class position of their parents.

Answer 25

Intergenerational mobility

Question 26

According to the OpenStax textbook (pp. 235-55), a hypothetical system in which social stratification is determined by personal effort and merit is ______.

Answer 26

Meritocracy

Question 27

With the focus on capital as a limited resource, The Manifesto of the Communist Party, would be classified within which theoretical tradition?

Answer 27

Conflict Theory

Question 28

According to the OpenStax textbook (pp. 235-55), the United States stratification system is best characterized as a _______.

Answer 28

Class System

Question 29

According to Karl Marx, modern society is characterized by a struggle between which two groups:

Answer 29

Bourgeoisie and Proletariat

Question 30

According to Karl Marx, _____ refers to the condition in which an individual is divorced or isolated from her/his society, work, and/or sense of self.

Answer 30

Alienation

Question 31

In The Manifesto of the Communist Party, Marx and Engels argue that the central inequality in modernity is:

Answer 31

Class inequality

Question 32

In the Manifesto of the Communist Party, Marx and Engels call for “Working men of all countries, unite!” They are calling for people to:

Answer 32

Escape false consciousness, enact revolution to overthrow capitalism, and implement a communist society

Question 33

Which of the following best characterizes Tatum’s definition of prejudice?

Answer 33

A preconceived judgment or opinion, usually based on limited information

Question 34

On p.10, Tatum claims that people of color cannot be racist. Which of the following choices best characterizes how she justifies this claim?

Answer 34

People of color cannot be racist because they do not systematically benefit from racism

Question 35

Tatum’s research on racism highlights that dominant social institutions uphold inequalities that are patterned by race. This focus on social inequality allows us to classify Tatum as a ________ theorist.

Answer 35

Conflict Theorist

Question 36

On pp.289-93 of the OpenStax textbook, the authors describe Wirth’s conception of minority groups. Wirth’s definition of “minority” status is based upon what factor?

Answer 36

A group that is singled out from others for differential and unequal treatment

Question 37

Which of the following best characterizes Tatum’s definition of racism?

Answer 37

A system of advantage based on race

Question 38

On p.11, Tatum discusses passive racism. Which of the following examples is the best example of passive racism?

Answer 38

An employer hiring “the most qualified applicants,” unintentionally resulting in a 100% White work force

Question 39

According to Tatum, racial tracking in Glynn County Schools OR racial bias in lending practices by Bank of America would be examples of

Answer 39

Racism

Question 40

According to pp.289-93 of the OpenStax textbook, the school of thought that race is not biologically identifiable is ________.

Answer 40

Social construction of race

Question 41

According to both the OpenStax textbook and Tatum, ethnicity is based on _____.

Answer 41

Shared culture

Question 42

According to Beverly Tatum, in her book, what statement best defines “race” sociologically?

Answer 42

A group that is socially defined but on the basis of physical criteria, including skin color and facial feature