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family life in society wwu > Sociology Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Sociology Quiz 1 Flashcards

Study guide questions for online quiz one

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a structural family?

A

heterosexual couple with or without children. generally consists of a husband, wife, son, and daughter.

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2
Q

what is a functional family?

A

designed for procreation and socialization of children, production and consumption of goods and services, fueling economic growth, and sexual regulation

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3
Q

what is a relational family?

A

relies on higher levels of loving and caring, serves individual emotional needs, does not need to be related by blood or legally

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4
Q

what is an institution?

A

a structure in which members of a society organize themselves into groups assigning rights and responsibilities

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5
Q

what is the difference between an institutional and analytical components of the family?

A 
institutional = what explains similarities and differences across society 
analytical = discovering laws and principles that explain how groups organize & function
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6
Q

how is an institution socially constructed?

A

an institution is a structure that is naturalized through cultural belief systems of a social society

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7
Q

what does socially constructed mean?

A

reality agreed on by members of a social group. reinforced through norms and sanctions. can be conditions of survival or the power hierarchy

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8
Q

what does it mean to say that a definition is theoretically meaningful?

A

institutional definitions are arbitrary (inconsistent). theory consists of casual factors that led to an event or decision.

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9
Q

what are the key elements of an institution?

A
  1. adaptability, what patterns “work”
  2. cultural conditions, patterns that fit with societies ideas, beliefs, values
  3. power hierarchies, ideology
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10
Q

what are the key elements that define a family as different from other groups?

A

biological relations, mate selection, commitment and attachment, and future interaction.

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11
Q

what are the two general types of marital systems found across societies?

A

monogamous - one spouse at a time

polygamous - multiple spouses at a time

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12
Q

what is serial monogamy?

A

having multiple marital partners over a series of time. not a long term commitment to one partner.

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13
Q

what is the difference between polygyny, polyandry, and group marriage?

A

polygyny is multiple wives, polyandry is multiple husbands, and group marriage is multiple wives and husbands

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14
Q

what type of marriage system is most preferred?

A

polygyny. it advances the interests of men, women and children in societies. most preferred but not most common because of the sex ratio

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15
Q

what type of marriage system is the most frequently occurring?

A

monogamous

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16
Q

what is the sex ratio?

A

of men/ 100 women

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17
Q

what are the two general types of family systems found across societies?

A
  1. nuclear/conjugal

2. extended

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18
Q

what is a nuclear family?

A

most frequently occurring family system (along with conjugal). consists of a husband, wife, and dependent children

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19
Q

what is a conjugal family?

A

a husband/wife dyad

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20
Q

what is an extended family?

A

a family with the presence of other kin such as lateral or vertical

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21
Q

what is a vertically extended family?

A

includes at least three generations of parents and children residing under one roof

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22
Q

what type of family is theoretically meaningful?

A

analytical

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23
Q

what is a laterally extended family?

A

brothers get together and form families that they stay in and live together in the male property line (joint family). this involves one generation of adults.

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24
Q

what is a fully extended family?

A

both vertically and laterally extended

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25
Q

what is your family of procreation?

A

the family you form when you get married

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26
Q

what is your family of orientation?

A

the family you grow up in

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27
Q

what is a modified nuclear/extended family?

A

a network of nuclear family units with high levels of interdependence. decisions like children socialization and finances are coordinated between parental units. living together but letting each couple have autonomy.

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28
Q

which type of family system is most preferred?

A

extended family system. not most common as it’s limited by life expectancy and resources

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29
Q

what are the three major types of extended families?

A
  1. stem family
  2. joint family
  3. fully extended family
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30
Q

what is a stem family?

A

an adult child living with their parents, generally in areas with land limitations (ex. Japan, Ireland)

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31
Q

what is a joint family?

A

a lateral cooperation between brothers that allows the sharing of the property

32
Q

what are three forces that sociologists focus on when trying to understand variation in marital and family systems?

A

adaptational needs, cultural context, and societal conflict

33
Q

what is adaptational needs?

A

marital and family systems based on economic system. hunting and gathering is monogamous/nuclear. agricultural is polygamous/extended. industrial and capitalistic is monogamous/nuclear. the important adaptation conditions is 1)production vs. consumption unit 2) stability vs. mobility

34
Q

what is societal conflict?

A

preserving hierarchies through structured dependencies (gender, generation, social class). achieved vs. ascribed

35
Q

what is cultural context?

A

relationships of obligation vs rational choice. obligation would be where your parents have influence over your marital partner and rational is you having the freedom to make a decision for yourself for your own self interest

36
Q

what is a lineage system?

A

rules governing the inheritance of property
patrilineal
matrilineal
bilateral- property can be passed down through the mother’s or father’s side of the family

37
Q

what is an authority system?

A

rules governing decision making in the family
patriarchal
matriarchal
egalitarian- both parents make decisions in the family

38
Q

what is a residence system?

A

rules governing where families live relative to each other
patrilocal
matrilocal
neolocal- living or located away from both the husband and wives family
avuncolocal

39
Q

what is avuncolocal?

A

the family goes and lives with the husbands mothers brother. passes down control and not ownership

40
Q

when do you find avuncolocal residence patterns?

A

found in matrilineal societies, a way that men can maintain power and women can maintain property

41
Q

what is a matrifocal system?

A

necessary presence of the mother as the center of the household. more institutional

42
Q

what is a matricentric system?

A

family system where the mother is the central actor in family life. more empirical.

43
Q

what are characteristics of a prefeudal society?

A
  • pre 1200s
  • families as production and political units
  • high marriage rate and low age at marriage
  • ascribed vs. achieved status system
  • society based on traditional action
44
Q

what are characteristics of a feudal society?

A
  • 1200 to 1750
  • families as limited production units (not independent)
  • European marriage pattern
  • loosening of ascribed status system
45
Q

what is the European marriage pattern?

A
  • low marriage rates and high age at marriage

- large nuclear families

46
Q

what are three developments that occurred in the modern period?

A

urban industrial production, capitalist economy, rational modes of social action

47
Q

what came as a result of urban industrial production?

A

loss of community and kinship control, increased differentiation and individualism

48
Q

what came as a result of the capitalist economy?

A

decline in primacy of families as units of production, focus on profit maximization, families as units of consumption

49
Q

what came as result of rational modes of social action?

A

focus on maximizing individual goals, significance of social development

50
Q

what changed during the early modern industrial stage?

A
  • 1750 to 1850
  • “putting out” system
  • marriage as economic partnership
  • presence of the husband
  • emergence of urban manufacturing centers
  • reduced control of community
  • increased freedom in partner choice
  • informal unions
51
Q

what changed during the modern period stage?

A
  • 1850 to 1960
  • growth of urban factories and capitalist economies
  • exploitation of workers
  • separation of public and private spheres
  • conjugal love = love of god
  • cult of domesticity
  • women as protector of morals in private sphere
52
Q

what changed during the modern family life period?

A
  • 1960 to present
  • loss of community controls and directives
  • diversification and alteration of the life course
  • emergence of the expressive self
  • consequences
  • reflected appraisal
53
Q

what is the difference between the public and private sphere?

A

public sphere = realm of politics where strangers come together to converse
private sphere = smaller enclosed space that is open to those with permission

54
Q

what is the cult of domesticity?

A

true womanhood. women as protector of morals in private sphere. dual emphasis of motherhood and conjugality

55
Q

what is the expressive self?

A

concept based on one’s individuality, emotional, and psychological need fulfillment, and a system of informal intimate relationships

56
Q

what is the instrumental self?

A

concept based on what one has done or one’s status in the commmunity/broader society

57
Q

why is there greater risk in modern relationships and increased emphasis on rituals in relationships?

A

higher stakes since you pick your marital partner from different races, religious groups, and social classes. not based on hierarchal level.

58
Q

what is a family?

A

two or more persons related by birth, marriage, or adoption and who reside together in a household

59
Q

what is a household?

A

all persons who occupy a housing unit

60
Q

what is a subfamily?

A

a family living with someone else who is the head of the household

61
Q

what are some of the major change that have occurred in American marriage, families, and households in the past 50 years?

A

decline in the family household starting 1960 to present.

  • fewer married couple households
  • fewer households with children under 18
  • increase in households of unrelated persons
  • increase in single elderly individuals
  • increase in single parent households
62
Q

what was the major period of change during the shift in American marriage, families, and households?

A

1970s to 1980s.

  • no fault divorce put into place
  • more people going to college
  • more jobs requiring higher education
  • extended age of marriage
63
Q

what proportions of households consists of gay and lesbian couples?

A

1.2% of all couple households (726,600)

64
Q

what do the demographics say about the popularity of marriage about those in gay vs. lesbian relationships?

A

it is more popular for lesbian couples to get married than gay couples.

65
Q

how does the state of the US family compare to other modern families?

A
  • fewer family households than in Western Europe

- more family households than northern Europe (except Netherlands)

66
Q

what are some of the ways that political systems affect and are affected by family systems?

A
  • eligibility for marriage and parenthood
  • rights and obligations based on marital and family status
  • almost impossible for your parents to disown you
  • laws governing divorce, child custody, domestic violence
67
Q

what is a social democratic regime?

A

things are provided by the state by taxing the rich

68
Q

what is a liberal regime?

A

having to buy things like healthcare and education. different than the term liberal in the political arena

69
Q

what is a conservative regime?

A

the idea that family has enough to buy what they need in the marketplace

70
Q

what is the difference between gemeinschaft societies and gesellschaft societies?

A 
gemeinshcaft = rural
gesellschaft = urban
71
Q

what is family work spillover?

A

family related stress affects work

72
Q

what is work family spillover?

A

work related stress affects work

73
Q

what are negative spillovers?

A

when stress, fatigue, or negative mood from one realm affects a person’s behavior in their own role

74
Q

what are positive spillovers?

A

when some skill or cognition developed in one realm enhances a person’s role

75
Q

how has women’s labor force participation changed over time and how has this impacted family life?

A

increased since the 1960s. man is no longer in all cases the sole breadwinner. more dual income families

family life in society wwu (2 decks)

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