Sociology Paper 1

Question 1

What did Zaretsky argue?

Answer 1

That the family exists to serve capitalism, it acts as a unit of consumption

Question 2

Examples Zaretsky used

Answer 2

1. Women unpaid labour saves bourgeoisie wages
2. Warm bath comforts/softens blow of capitalism

Question 3

What did Parsons argue?

Answer 3

That the family provides primary socialisation to children and SOAP to adults. This helps create a new generation of people that accept norms of society and comforts men after difficult work

Question 4

What did Delphy and Leonard argue?

Answer 4

They were radical feminists who argued that the family helped reinforce patriarchy, as men take the positions of power over women

Question 5

What did Oakley argue?

Answer 5

She was a liberal feminist. Accepted that families were becoming more and more symmetrical but still argued that traditional ‘nuclear family’ had it’s flaws, as it exploited women

Question 6

What did Wilmott and Young argue?

Answer 6

They argued that families were becoming more and more symmetrical due to stratified diffusion where norms and values of symmetry in the M/C family were ‘diffusing’ into the W/C

Question 7

What was W+Y’s research method

Answer 7

Surveys and face to face structured interviews.

Question 8

What did the rappoports argue?

Answer 8

They argued that there is increasing family diversity in society. These differences are sorted in 5 categories:
1. Class
2.Culture
3. Organisational
4. Cohort
5. Life course

Question 9

What did parsons argue about education?

Answer 9

That it teaches children the universalistic norms and values of society, and acts as a bridge from the family to the workplace. Education is meritocratic, hard work=achievement

Question 10

What did Durkheim argue about education?

Answer 10

It teaches children vital skills for working life

Question 11

What did Bowles and gintis argue about education?

Answer 11

They believed in correspondence principle, schools teach values of good behaviour and obedience through hidden curriculum to create good capitalist workers from W/C students

Question 12

Which research methods did B+G use?

Answer 12

Interviews and secondary sources

Question 13

What did Wills find during his case study?

Answer 13

Studied the ‘lads’ who were a group of W/C boys who were in a CSS which opposed the norms of school, because they had been promised jobs from their parents. Wills argued that this helped maintain the bourgeoisie’s power, as these W/C jobs were being preserved for future generations

Question 14

Wills research method

Answer 14

Case study, participant observation

Question 15

Ball research method

Answer 15

Case study, participant observation, interviews

Question 16

Ball findings

Answer 16

Found that banding in the schools he observed had severe effects on pupils achievements due to labelling theory. The students in higher bands were labelled as ‘bright’ and the teachers did as much as possible to help them achieve whereas the bottom band students were treated as a ‘waste of time’ and were neglected and left to fail

Question 17

Ball bowl and gerwirtz research methods

Answer 17

Interviews and secondary research

Question 18

BB+G arguments

Answer 18

Studied how marketisation and competition between schools was unfair for W/C families as M/C students were had huge advantages when finding a good school, due to their cultural capital and materials. This meant that M/C students were able to find the best schools whereas W/C students have to settle for their local one.

Question 19

Heath Halsey and ridge research method

Answer 19

Face to face survey

Question 20

HH+R findings

Answer 20

M/C boy 11 times more likely to attend university than a W/C boy.