Sociology Of Gender Flashcards
Goal of a social scientist
To contribute to human well-being–conditions of social justice, (in)equality and respect for human rights.
To understand mechanisms that lead to inequalities
Define the strange in the familiar
Asking the ‘common sense’
State and explain the UBUNTU quote
To be human is to be social
To be human is to ensure humanization
To be human is to bothered by dehuminization
Define globalization
Increase in economic, cultural, political, and environmental connections between different parts of the world through the goods, capital, people, technology and information.
Define sociology
The study of social relations and society
Define social action
Micro level any action that is oriented
Social interaction
Social action that is reciprocated; exchange of social actions
Define social relationship
A pattern of social interaction
Define social structure
Patterns of social relationships that are relatively stable > organized around institutions
Explain the relational/dialectic framework
How things are interrelated
> 2 way relationship of mutual effect
> keeps changing each other
> 1 cannot fully understood without the other
what are the major dialectic relationships
Micro/macro Structure/agency Gender/class/ethnicity/race Local/global Political/economic
Define the sociological imagination
Ability to grasp interplay intersection between individuals and society, biography and history, self and world
> being able to perceive connection between individual + society
Define structure
Created by people
product of collective agency
Means of production
Anything that enables you to produce
Relations of production
Relations that revolve around the use, control and ownership over the means of production and the products of human labour
Mode of production
Dominant type of relations of production in the society as a whole
Different types of mode of production
Band and tribal Ancient slavery Feudalism Capitalism Socialism
Capitalism
The current mode of production in which we live. Has three basic requirements: Resources Labour Markets
The mode of production preceding capitalism
Feudalism
Feudal social relations
Landlords and serfs
T or F, landlords had no obligations towards serfs and they could evict the serfs anytime
False, landlords had obligations towards the serfs and the landlord could not evict the serfs for as long as they fulfilled their obligations
Primitive accumulation
Expropriation of the direct producers from their means of subsistence
Consequences of primitive accumulation
Loss of land-loss of security,livelihood, culture, home creation of landlessness- no other means of subsistence except for THEIR labour
Mechanisms for dealing with resistance to capitalist development
Legal, violent, ideological
Class
Group of people who have the same relationship to the means of production
Your class is determined by your relationship to the means of production
2 classes of capitalism
Bourgeoisie (capitalist)
Proletariat (workers)
Bourgeoisie
Owners of means of production, appropriate the products produced by the workers
Proletariat
Sell their labour to survive, don’t own means of productions
Capital accumulation
A process through which capital expands through production and the appropriation of surplus value
> a given means of production can produce capital only when labour comes in contact with it
Exploitation
Extraction of surplus value from the worker by the owner of the means of production
Elements of exploitation
Necessary labour
Surplus labour
Surplus value
Rate of exploitation
Role of the state
Instrument that ensures the dominance of the capitalist class by securing the conditions necessary for capital accumulation
Colonialism
Economic, political and military domination by one nation over another territory and its people
T or F, slavery as an institution and Racism as an ideology and practice
True
Colonial expansion
Globalization of primitive accumulation
Racial oppression as an instrument in economic exploitation
Reason: difficult to discipline unfree labourers
Solution: divide labourers by inventing race
Reason: racial oppression became a strategy for controlling the labouring classes
Slavery > Racism
Need to weaken the unity of working classes > institutionalized slavery > racism as ideological justification
Othering
Claiming difference from one’s self for the purpose of insinuating the other person’s race inferiority
> to exclude from material, symbolic, emotional or other types of rewards
World ecomomy
National economies are linked to one another through trade and finances
Transnationalization
The production process itself is globalized as the chains of production and distribution of commodities and services are decentralized
Capital’s advantage over labour
Means of subsistence, capital is mobile while labour is not
Neoliberalism
A system of policies that promotes the interests of private enterprises by eliminating any remaining barriers to capital’s search for resources, labour and markets
Components of neoliberalism
Trade liberalization (free trade) and foreign investment
Privatization
Deregulation
Austerity
Trade liberalization
Removal of any trade barriers, such as tariffs and quota
Privatization
The sale of public enterprises and assets to private owners
Deregulation
Removal of govt restrictions and interventions on capital to allow market forces act as a self regulating mechanism
Austerity
elimination of budget expenditures for social programs and services
