Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

American Government > Sociology Midterm > Flashcards

Sociology Midterm Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Government Basics flashcards AP® U.S. Government flashcards American Government 101 flashcards
1
Q

The concept that describes opening a window into unfamiliar worlds that allows us to understand human behavior by placing it within its broader social context is called ________.
the social imperative
social integration
social location
the sociological perspective (or imagination)

A

the sociological perspective (or imagination)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When sociologists’ group people into categories based on their age, gender, educational level, job, and income, they are trying to determine ________.
social location
social network
social skills
social personality

A

social location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The first person to propose that the scientific method could be applied to the study of social life was ________.
Emile Durkheim
Auguste Comte
Karl Marx
Max Weber

A

Auguste Comte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The term “survival of the fittest,” which is a principle part of the concept of social Darwinism, was coined by ________.
Talcott Parsons
Herbert Spencer
Auguste Comte
Charles Darwin

A

Herbert Spencer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Karl Marx suggested that the force that drives human history and is at the core of human society is ________.
class conflict
religion
family
education

A

class conflict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the ________ and the ________.
nobles; peasants
civilized; barbarians
bourgeoisie; proletariat
upper class; lower class

A

bourgeoisie; proletariat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The French sociologist Emile Durkheim is most identified with which of the following areas of study?
social integration
class conflict
social Darwinism
the spirit of capitalism

A

social integration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Karl Marx believed that ________ was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that ________ was the force most responsible for social change.
economics; religion
education; political stability
government; economics
religion; education

A

economics; religion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University, who spent his lifetime studying race relations in America and was one of the founders of the NAACP, was ________.
W. E. B. Du Bois
Booker T. Washington
George Washington Carver
Benjamin Quarles

A

W. E. B. Du Bois

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Because of her outstanding contributions to social reform, as demonstrated in her work as co-founder of Hull-House, ________ was a co-winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1931.
Marion Talbot
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Alice Paul
Jane Addams

A

Jane Addams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sociologists who analyze how social life depends on the ways that people define themselves and others are most likely ________.
ethnomethodologists
functionalists
conflict theorists
symbolic interactionists

A

symbolic interactionists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mark views society as a system of interrelated parts, while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Mark would be considered a(n) ________ and John would be seen as a(n) ________.
symbolic interactionist; functionalist
applied sociologist; functionalist
basic sociologist; applied sociologist
functionalist; conflict theorist

A

functionalist; conflict theorist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

__________ would be part of material culture.
Hairstyles
Language
Beliefs
Values

A

Hairstyles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

One thing that can be said about material culture is that __________.
it is “natural”
it includes gestures
it includes a people’s language
there is nothing “natural” about it

A

there is nothing “natural” about it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

To try to understand a culture on its own terms is called __________.
ethnocentrism
cultural relativism
folklore
cultural education

A

cultural relativism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The basis of culture is __________.
customs
heredity
language
sociology

A

language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A term for rules of behavior is __________.
culture
norms
moral holidays
sanctions

A

norms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When someone is jogging on the left side of the sidewalk and you, running faster, overtake that person on his or her right, this runs counter to a __________ in the United States.
taboo
more
tradition
folkway

A

folkway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Some of the values and norms of a __________ place it at odds with the dominant culture.
subculture
core culture
counterculture
sociologists’ group

A

counterculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A __________ exists between the value of group superiority and the values of freedom, democracy, and equality.
continuity
folkway
taboo
value contradiction

A

value contradiction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

According to reports describing __________ children, they walked on all fours, growled, and showed no sensitivity to cold.
prehistoric
feral
isolated
institutionalized

A

feral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Isolated children require __________ to develop.
parents
siblings
solitary time
language

A

language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The term __________ was coined by Charles Horton Cooley.
looking-glass self
a stitch in time
significant other
precocious child

A

looking-glass self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In Freud’s terms, the __________ causes us to get our basic needs met.
id
ego
superego
instinctual drive

A

id

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The __________, as viewed by Freud, is the balancing mechanism in our personality.
id
ego
superego
conscience

A

ego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

__________ is a form of marriage in which men have more than one wife.
The nuclear family
An extended family
Polyandry
Polygyny

A

Polygyny

27
Q

Two or more people who consider themselves related by blood, marriage, or adoption make up a __________.
family
family of orientation
nuclear family
family of procreation

A

family

28
Q

People who share an apartment by definition live in the same __________.
family of procreation
system of descent
household
marriage

A

household

29
Q

__________ requires that people marry outside the group.
Matriarchy
Exogamy
Endogamy
The family of orientation

A

Exogamy

30
Q

Marion, 10 years old, knew that she was related to the relatives on her mother’s side of the family as well as to the relatives on her father’s side of the family. This __________ system is the usual model in the United States.
matrilineal
patrilineal
bilineal
trilineal

A

bilineal

31
Q

A society in which women hold the authority would be a(n) __________.
bilineal system
egalitarian society
patriarchy
matriarchy

A

matriarchy

32
Q

From the functionalist perspective, the incest taboo helps families to avoid __________.
confusion over who is who in the family
Internet dating
emotional overload
looking outside the family for marriage partners

A

confusion over who is who in the family

33
Q

According to a study, wives make more the decisions than husbands in __________ of households, husbands make more decisions than wives in __________ of households, and __________ of couples divide decisions equally.
23 percent; 55 percent; 22 percent
43 percent; 26 percent; 31 percent
18 percent; 72 percent; 10 percent
30 percent; 41 percent; 29 percent

A

43 percent; 26 percent; 31 percent

34
Q

“Homogamy” refers to __________.
the marriage of people with contrasting characteristics
interracial marriage
gay men
the marriage of people who are similar to each other

A

the marriage of people who are similar to each other

35
Q

According to a study, wives make more the decisions than husbands in __________ of households, husbands make more decisions than wives in __________ of households, and __________ of couples divide decisions equally.
18 percent; 72 percent; 10 percent
30 percent; 41 percent; 29 percent
43 percent; 26 percent; 31 percent
23 percent; 55 percent; 22 percent

A

43 percent; 26 percent; 31 percent

36
Q

Of the following, __________ most likely care(s) for the baby of a married woman who has to work.
siblings
the father
a grandmother
a grandfather

A

the father

37
Q

__________ of African American households are headed by both a mother and a father.
Almost all
Slightly more than half
Over three-quarters
Less than half

A

Less than half

38
Q

The sandwich generation is so called because they __________.
are caring for both their children and their parents
have bad eating habits, which lead to obesity
are torn between work and family responsibilities
are caring for both their parents and grandparents

A

are caring for both their children and their parents

39
Q

The– group in the United States with the lowest divorce rate is __________.
Latinos
African Americans
Native Americans
Asian Americans

A

Asian Americans

40
Q

The risk of divorce is decreased among couples __________.
whose parents are divorced
who have a religious affiliation
who have a baby before they get married
who drop out from high school

A

who have a religious affiliation

41
Q

What are dinks?

A

dual income and no kids by choice

42
Q

Traditional family arrangements

A

Mom stays home dad works

43
Q

Post modern family arrangement

A

Dad stays home mom works by choice

44
Q

Binucleur or modern family arrangement

A

One parent because the other died or got divorced

45
Q

What is the incest taboo and why is it necessary from a sociological perspective not a biological one

A

No sex between family members, from a sociological perspective it violates our norms, from a biological perspective it creates role confusion

46
Q

Common thread regarding marriage in all cultures

A

A groups approved mating arrangement

47
Q

Rules of descent and rules of power

A

Descent is how we’re related power is who makes the rules (ex. matriarchy-women)

48
Q

Endogamy

A

Expectation to marry within our certain systems (inside race)

49
Q

Exogamy

A

Expectation to marry outside our systems (outside of sex or race)

50
Q

Know how the different perspectives “see” marriage (look for the buzz words)

A

conflict perspective (woman doesn’t want to marry and give up power over herself)

51
Q

What is romantic love and what is it all about

A

In our culture attraction is how we see love, and love is a feeling of sexual attraction

52
Q

Know concepts of homogamy and propinquity

A

Homogamy means characteristics like your own, propinquity means spatial closeness

53
Q

What is the statistic that seems to prove that love is socially channeled

A

93% of Americans will marry in their same race or religion

54
Q

What are boomerang children

A

Boomerang children are finish school something happens and you have to move back home

55
Q

What is adultolecence

A

New social construct, a step above child and below adult

56
Q

What are empty nesters

A

all of the children are doing their own thing while mom and dad are home alone

57
Q

What is the sandwich generation

A

nuclear family unit that have children young enough that have to be taken care of but instead the grandparents parents are being taken care of because they’re aging

58
Q

Pay attention to similarities and differences in racial groups

A

African American families are least likely to be headed by a married couple (statistic) Latino families are into families and want to keep them together, Asian families are less likely to have divorce

59
Q

The primary source of strain in one parent families is

A

Finances

60
Q

First state and the first nation to legalize same-sex marriage

A

First state Massachusetts first country Denmark

61
Q

What is serial fatherhood

A

when dad’s remarry and pay more attention to the step kids rather than his biological kids

62
Q

What is the profile of the person who is the most likely to remarry following a divorce?

A

A female with child and very little education whose looking for financial security

63
Q

What are some trends that are likely to continue?

A

first time brides and grooms to continue getting older, cohabitation to continue, grandparents as parents, teen pregnancies

64
Q

Be familiar with the differences in child rearing practices of different SES (socioeconomic status)

A

working class has high expectations for their kids, upper/ middle class plans their kids activities and control their lives basically in

American Government (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions