Sociology Midterm Flashcards
The concept that describes opening a window into unfamiliar worlds that allows us to understand human behavior by placing it within its broader social context is called ________.
the social imperative
social integration
social location
the sociological perspective (or imagination)
the sociological perspective (or imagination)
When sociologists’ group people into categories based on their age, gender, educational level, job, and income, they are trying to determine ________.
social location
social network
social skills
social personality
social location
The first person to propose that the scientific method could be applied to the study of social life was ________.
Emile Durkheim
Auguste Comte
Karl Marx
Max Weber
Auguste Comte
The term “survival of the fittest,” which is a principle part of the concept of social Darwinism, was coined by ________.
Talcott Parsons
Herbert Spencer
Auguste Comte
Charles Darwin
Herbert Spencer
Karl Marx suggested that the force that drives human history and is at the core of human society is ________.
class conflict
religion
family
education
class conflict
The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the ________ and the ________.
nobles; peasants
civilized; barbarians
bourgeoisie; proletariat
upper class; lower class
bourgeoisie; proletariat
The French sociologist Emile Durkheim is most identified with which of the following areas of study?
social integration
class conflict
social Darwinism
the spirit of capitalism
social integration
Karl Marx believed that ________ was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that ________ was the force most responsible for social change.
economics; religion
education; political stability
government; economics
religion; education
economics; religion
The first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University, who spent his lifetime studying race relations in America and was one of the founders of the NAACP, was ________.
W. E. B. Du Bois
Booker T. Washington
George Washington Carver
Benjamin Quarles
W. E. B. Du Bois
Because of her outstanding contributions to social reform, as demonstrated in her work as co-founder of Hull-House, ________ was a co-winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1931.
Marion Talbot
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Alice Paul
Jane Addams
Jane Addams
Sociologists who analyze how social life depends on the ways that people define themselves and others are most likely ________.
ethnomethodologists
functionalists
conflict theorists
symbolic interactionists
symbolic interactionists
Mark views society as a system of interrelated parts, while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Mark would be considered a(n) ________ and John would be seen as a(n) ________.
symbolic interactionist; functionalist
applied sociologist; functionalist
basic sociologist; applied sociologist
functionalist; conflict theorist
functionalist; conflict theorist
__________ would be part of material culture.
Hairstyles
Language
Beliefs
Values
Hairstyles
One thing that can be said about material culture is that __________.
it is “natural”
it includes gestures
it includes a people’s language
there is nothing “natural” about it
there is nothing “natural” about it
To try to understand a culture on its own terms is called __________.
ethnocentrism
cultural relativism
folklore
cultural education
cultural relativism
The basis of culture is __________.
customs
heredity
language
sociology
language
A term for rules of behavior is __________.
culture
norms
moral holidays
sanctions
norms
When someone is jogging on the left side of the sidewalk and you, running faster, overtake that person on his or her right, this runs counter to a __________ in the United States.
taboo
more
tradition
folkway
folkway
Some of the values and norms of a __________ place it at odds with the dominant culture.
subculture
core culture
counterculture
sociologists’ group
counterculture
A __________ exists between the value of group superiority and the values of freedom, democracy, and equality.
continuity
folkway
taboo
value contradiction
value contradiction
According to reports describing __________ children, they walked on all fours, growled, and showed no sensitivity to cold.
prehistoric
feral
isolated
institutionalized
feral
Isolated children require __________ to develop.
parents
siblings
solitary time
language
language
The term __________ was coined by Charles Horton Cooley.
looking-glass self
a stitch in time
significant other
precocious child
looking-glass self
In Freud’s terms, the __________ causes us to get our basic needs met.
id
ego
superego
instinctual drive
id
The __________, as viewed by Freud, is the balancing mechanism in our personality.
id
ego
superego
conscience
ego
__________ is a form of marriage in which men have more than one wife.
The nuclear family
An extended family
Polyandry
Polygyny
Polygyny
Two or more people who consider themselves related by blood, marriage, or adoption make up a __________.
family
family of orientation
nuclear family
family of procreation
family
People who share an apartment by definition live in the same __________.
family of procreation
system of descent
household
marriage
household
__________ requires that people marry outside the group.
Matriarchy
Exogamy
Endogamy
The family of orientation
Exogamy
Marion, 10 years old, knew that she was related to the relatives on her mother’s side of the family as well as to the relatives on her father’s side of the family. This __________ system is the usual model in the United States.
matrilineal
patrilineal
bilineal
trilineal
bilineal
A society in which women hold the authority would be a(n) __________.
bilineal system
egalitarian society
patriarchy
matriarchy
matriarchy
From the functionalist perspective, the incest taboo helps families to avoid __________.
confusion over who is who in the family
Internet dating
emotional overload
looking outside the family for marriage partners
confusion over who is who in the family
According to a study, wives make more the decisions than husbands in __________ of households, husbands make more decisions than wives in __________ of households, and __________ of couples divide decisions equally.
23 percent; 55 percent; 22 percent
43 percent; 26 percent; 31 percent
18 percent; 72 percent; 10 percent
30 percent; 41 percent; 29 percent
43 percent; 26 percent; 31 percent
“Homogamy” refers to __________.
the marriage of people with contrasting characteristics
interracial marriage
gay men
the marriage of people who are similar to each other
the marriage of people who are similar to each other
According to a study, wives make more the decisions than husbands in __________ of households, husbands make more decisions than wives in __________ of households, and __________ of couples divide decisions equally.
18 percent; 72 percent; 10 percent
30 percent; 41 percent; 29 percent
43 percent; 26 percent; 31 percent
23 percent; 55 percent; 22 percent
43 percent; 26 percent; 31 percent
Of the following, __________ most likely care(s) for the baby of a married woman who has to work.
siblings
the father
a grandmother
a grandfather
the father
__________ of African American households are headed by both a mother and a father.
Almost all
Slightly more than half
Over three-quarters
Less than half
Less than half
The sandwich generation is so called because they __________.
are caring for both their children and their parents
have bad eating habits, which lead to obesity
are torn between work and family responsibilities
are caring for both their parents and grandparents
are caring for both their children and their parents
The– group in the United States with the lowest divorce rate is __________.
Latinos
African Americans
Native Americans
Asian Americans
Asian Americans
The risk of divorce is decreased among couples __________.
whose parents are divorced
who have a religious affiliation
who have a baby before they get married
who drop out from high school
who have a religious affiliation
What are dinks?
dual income and no kids by choice
Traditional family arrangements
Mom stays home dad works
Post modern family arrangement
Dad stays home mom works by choice
Binucleur or modern family arrangement
One parent because the other died or got divorced
What is the incest taboo and why is it necessary from a sociological perspective not a biological one
No sex between family members, from a sociological perspective it violates our norms, from a biological perspective it creates role confusion
Common thread regarding marriage in all cultures
A groups approved mating arrangement
Rules of descent and rules of power
Descent is how we’re related power is who makes the rules (ex. matriarchy-women)
Endogamy
Expectation to marry within our certain systems (inside race)
Exogamy
Expectation to marry outside our systems (outside of sex or race)
Know how the different perspectives “see” marriage (look for the buzz words)
conflict perspective (woman doesn’t want to marry and give up power over herself)
What is romantic love and what is it all about
In our culture attraction is how we see love, and love is a feeling of sexual attraction
Know concepts of homogamy and propinquity
Homogamy means characteristics like your own, propinquity means spatial closeness
What is the statistic that seems to prove that love is socially channeled
93% of Americans will marry in their same race or religion
What are boomerang children
Boomerang children are finish school something happens and you have to move back home
What is adultolecence
New social construct, a step above child and below adult
What are empty nesters
all of the children are doing their own thing while mom and dad are home alone
What is the sandwich generation
nuclear family unit that have children young enough that have to be taken care of but instead the grandparents parents are being taken care of because they’re aging
Pay attention to similarities and differences in racial groups
African American families are least likely to be headed by a married couple (statistic) Latino families are into families and want to keep them together, Asian families are less likely to have divorce
The primary source of strain in one parent families is
Finances
First state and the first nation to legalize same-sex marriage
First state Massachusetts first country Denmark
What is serial fatherhood
when dad’s remarry and pay more attention to the step kids rather than his biological kids
What is the profile of the person who is the most likely to remarry following a divorce?
A female with child and very little education whose looking for financial security
What are some trends that are likely to continue?
first time brides and grooms to continue getting older, cohabitation to continue, grandparents as parents, teen pregnancies
Be familiar with the differences in child rearing practices of different SES (socioeconomic status)
working class has high expectations for their kids, upper/ middle class plans their kids activities and control their lives basically in
