Sociology Midterm

Question 1

Sociological imagination (C. W. Mills)

Answer 1

the means by which the relation between self and society can be understood

Question 2

Sociological mindfulness

Answer 2

the practice of tuning-in to how the social world works

Question 3

Social interdependence

Answer 3

the outcomes of individuals are affected by their own and others’ actions

Question 4

Khaldun

Answer 4

Khaldun argued that the social system can be classified into two types of social life, the rural and the urban society

Question 5

Comte

Answer 5

One of the founders of sociology: believed sociology could unite all sciences and improve society

Question 6

Martineau

Answer 6

establishing a number of the research practices we still used today (empiricism, impartiality, sympathy, etc). A number of her more personal beliefs are also help today. Even some of her observations (ex: about unequal treatment of women) are still present in today’s society.

Question 7

Du Bois

Answer 7

sociology be an empirical science adhering to the methods utilized by the physical sciences

Question 8

Motherhood penalty and fatherhood bonus

Answer 8

The effects of children on men’s and women’s earnings are referred to as the fatherhood bonus and the motherhood penalty, respectively.

Question 9

Social mobility

Answer 9

change in a person’s socio-economic situation, either in relation to their parents (inter-generational mobility) or throughout their lifetime

Question 10

Ascribed vs Acheived status

Answer 10

ascribed status is assigned to an individual without reference to their innate differences or abilities. Achieved status is determined by an individual’s performance or effort

Question 11

Dennis Gilbert’s model of class structure

Answer 11

consists of six classes: the capitalist class, the upper middle class, the lower middle class, the working class, the working poor, and the underclass.

Question 12

Culture jam

Answer 12

an organized, social activist effort that aims to counter the bombardment of consumption-oriented messages in the mass media

Question 13

Symbolic boundaries

Answer 13

lines that include and define some people, groups, and things while excluding others

Question 14

Symbolic vs material culture

Answer 14

Material culture refers to the relationship between artifacts and social relations while symbolic (or nonmaterial) culture refers to the ideas, beliefs, values, or norms that shape a society.

Question 15

Cultural capital

Answer 15

the social assets of a person (education, intellect, style of speech, style of dress, etc.) that promote social mobility in a stratified society

Question 16

Looking-glass self

Answer 16

described as our reflection of how we think we appear to others.

Question 17

Feeling rules

Answer 17

the social norms that dictate what is an appropriate feeling or gravity of feeling in a given situation, as well as when and for how long we can feel that way.