Sociology Keywords P2 Flashcards
CRIME
Illegal acts which break the law
e.g. Shoplifting , Murder
DEVIANCE
Behaviour that does not conform to society’s norms
e.g. Eavesdropping
It is Socially Constructed
FORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL
How laws , written rules and formal agencies of social control , control peoples behaviour in society
INFORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL
Unwritten rules and processes
E.g. Approval and Disapproval of peoples behaviour
SANCTIONS
Rewards or Punishments for peoples behaviour
- Positive Sanctions e. g. Praise For Conforming - Negative Sanctions e. g. Ignoring , Making Fun Of
ANOMIE
When the norms that control an individuals behaviour break down
DELINQUENCY
Minor crime or Deviance , usually committed by young people
STRAIN THEORY
A Structural Theory that argues deviance is a result of strain between goals a culture encourages individuals to achieve and what society allows them to achieve LEGITIMATELY
COLLECTIVE CONSCIOUS
The set of shared beliefs , ideas , attitudes and knowledge that is common to a social group or society
Ritualism
People who have given up on achieving their goal but stick to the mean
E.g. An employee who has given up hope of promotion and just works to ‘Skim By’
Functionalist
Believe society is maintained through agreement of values , norms and rules
Cohen’s Sub -Cultural Theory (1955)
He argues delinquent subculture is formed when working class children can not meet middle class expectation
Marxist
Believe society is formed by the Bourgeois Controlling the Proletariat’s
Functionalist PERSPECTIVE OF CRIME
Crime is natural and a positive aspect to society .
Reinforce the boundaries of whats right and wrong.
Merton’s Strain Theory (1938)
Peoples aspirations are shaped by their culture (American Dream)
People except the goal of making money but lack opportunities to do so experiencing strain and anomie that result in delinquency of making money
