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Sociology Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Breadwinner

A

The person in the family who earns the most money, usually the male

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2
Q

Cereal Packet Family

A

The ‘ideal’ nuclear family shown in the media and advertising

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3
Q

Cohabitation

A

When two partners live together in a relationship without being married

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4
Q

Commune

A

Self-contained and self-supporting communities where childcare, property, etc are shared

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5
Q

Domestic Division of Labour

A

The division of tasks such as housework and childcare in the family

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6
Q

Dual Burden

A

When women are in full time employment and are responsible for household tasks

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7
Q

Expressive Role

A

Traditionally a woman’s role in the family according to Parsons, where they look after the emotional needs of the family

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8
Q

Extended Family

A

A family which contains members beyond the nuclear family

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9
Q

Family Diversity

A

This means there are a range of families in society today e.g. lone-parent, reconstituted, same-sex

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10
Q

Household

A

One or more people who live at the same address but may not be related e.g. university students

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11
Q

Instrumental Role

A

Traditionally the male’s role within the family according to Parsons, to be the breadwinner and provide financially for the family

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12
Q

Lone-Parent Family

A

A family of one parent and their dependent children. Usually headed by the mother

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13
Q

Neo-conventional Family

A

A typical nuclear family but where both parents go to work

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14
Q

Nuclear Family

A

A family of one man and one woman with their dependent children.

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15
Q

Patriarchy

A

Male power and dominance over women

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16
Q

Reconstituted Family

A

A family of one man and one woman with children from previous relationships

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16
Q

Reconstituted Family

A

A family of one man and one woman with children from previous relationships

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17
Q

Secularisation

A

A decline in religious belief and activity

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18
Q

Stratified Diffusion

A

How the roles adopted by the those at the top of the social hierarchy (richer families) filters down to the rest of society

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19
Q

Symmetrical Family

A

Families which are equal on both sides where partners have joint roles

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20
Q

11-plus Exam

A

A national IQ test introduced by the 1944 Education Act to be used as a method of allocating students to one of three types of school in the tripartite system

21
Q

Absolute Poverty

A

People in absolute poverty have incomes that are insufficient to obtain the minimum needed to survive

22
Q

Academy

A

A failed school, taken over by central government, in partnership with private sponsors such as businesses or churches. The aim of their creation was to raise achievement

23
Q

Academy

A

Schools that have left local authority control and whose funding is provided directly by government. All schools have been encouraged to convert to academy status since 2010

24
Achieved Status
Social positions that are earned on the basis of personal talents or merit
25
Affluence
Having a lot of money and material possesions
26
Age Discrimination
Treating someone differently and less favourably on the basis of their age
27
Ageing Population
In an ageing population, the proportion of the population over retirement age is gradually increasing
28
Ageism
Discrimination based on age
29
Agencies (or agents) of Socialisation
The groups and organisations in society that control or constrain people's behaviour and actions
30
Agency (or agent) of Socialisation
A social group or institution responsible for undertaking socialisation, such a family, peer group, school, workplace, religion and the mass media
31
Alienation
Under capitalism, the workers feel estranged or cut off from their work because they have no control over production or the products of their labour
32
Analysis
The process of examining data, highlighting significant findings and results
33
Anomie
A situation of normlessness in which the norms that regulate people's behaviour break down
34
Anonymity of research participants
Individuals participating in research are not required to provide their name or, if they give their name, it will not appear in any reports arising from the research
35
Anti-School Subculture
The values shared by a group of pupils that run counter to the values of the school as a whole
36
Anti-Social Behaviour
Behaviour that causes harassment, distress or alarm to other people
37
Apartheid
In South Africa (1948-94), this government policy of racial segregation was used as the basis for stratification
38
Aristocracy
A class of privileged people who have hereditary titles such as Duke or Lady and who are usually wealthy landowners
39
Arranged Marriage
A marriage in which the family or relatives of the prospective spouses take the leading role in finding a suitable partner for them. However, the prospective spouses have the right to choose whether to accept the arrangement
40
Ascribed Status
Social positions that are fixed at birth and unchanging over time including a hereditary title linked to family background (Princess or Lord, for example)
41
Authority
The exercise of power based on consent or agreement
42
Beanpole Families
Multigenerational families that are long and thin in shape
43
Benefit Cheats
People who claim benefits that they are not entitled to
44
Bias
Being one-sided rather than neutral or open minded, Bias can operate either in favour of or against an idea, group or point of view
45
Bigamy
The offence of getting married to someone while already married to someone else
46
Birth Rate
The number of live births per 1000 of the population per year
47
Blended/Reconstituted Family
A family in which one or both parents have a child or children from a previous relationship
48
Boomerang Children
Young adults who have left the parental home and who later return to live at home possibly due to unemployment or the high cost of housing
49
Bourgeois
Relating to or belonging to the bourgeoisie
50
Bourgeoisie
The ruling class who own the means of production (for example, the factories, big businesses or land) and exploit the proletariat in order to make huge profits

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