Sociology intro Flashcards
Exam 1
a sociological ______ helps us understand larger social ______ affect individuals and how individuals affect society.
imagination forces
“August ______ coined the term ______”
Comte sociology
Marx believed that society id divided into the ______ (_____) and the ______ ______ (_______).
have’s capitalist have nots Proletalists
____ ______ posited that an understanding of society requires a “__________” understanding of behavior. Such understanding, or _______”.
Max Weber subjective verstehen
The problem with the twentieth century , he wrote, is the problem of the _____ _______.
color line
Similarly, the parts of a ________, like the parts of a _____, work together to maintain the whole structure.
society body
“…._______ theory examines how and why groups disagree, _______ over power, and ______ for scarce resources..”
Conflict struggle compete
For _____ ______ society is socially ________ through human interpretation,
symbolic interactionist constructed
An ________ variable is a characteristic that has an _____ on the ______ variable, the ______.
Independent effect dependent outcome
_________ is the _______ with which the same measures produces _________ results time after time.
Reliability consistency similar
______ is not _____.
Correlation causation
A survey’s _______ can also substantially affect peoples answers.
wording
“In ________ observation, researchers interact with the people they’re studying;… In______ observation, researchers study phenomenon without being part of the situation.
Participant non participant
A second limitation is the problem of ________: if people know they are being _______, they might behave differently.
reactivity observed
An _______ is a controlled artificial situation that allows researchers to ________ variables and measure the effects.
experiment manipulate
Sociologists rely heavily on ______ ______ an unobtrusive data collection method that examines information collected by ________ _____.
secondary analysis someone else
I think therefore I am
“I am, because we are”
Descartes
Two streams of thought
African Philosophy
Theory
Hypothesis
Scientific Method
Abstract proposition that:
- explains a social situation
- makes predictions about the future!
- is abstract - can’t be tested -
Theory
A testable prediction coming from a theory:
- children who watch more violent tv shows will exhibit more violence during playtime than children who watch less violent programing
Hypothesis
Can the results be confirmed by others conducting the same test.
Replication
The variable whose effect is being studied
this would be the cause
Independent Variable
Behavior or mental process that is being studied
- this is the variable that MIGHT CHANGE in response to the Independent Variable
( this would be the effect)
Dependent Variable
What good fortune for those in power that people do not think
Adolf Hitler
- Coined the term Sociology
- Believed that just as there were laws that governed nature - there were laws that governed society too
Aguste Comte
Society would be better off if woman & men were treated equally
Harriet Martineau
- First female in Sociology
- Translated Comte’s work into English
Harriet Martineau
- Believed that societies evolved
- coined the term “survival of the fittest”
Herbert Spencer
The great angry man of the twentieth century
Karl Marx
- Believed that the engine of human history is:
- class conflicts between:
- the haves (bourgeoisie)
- the have nots ( proletariat)
- class conflicts between:
Karl Marx
Believes the working class should overthrow existing class system
Karl Marx
Wealth corrupts human nature!
Karl Marx
Religion is:?
the opiate of people! Marx
Atrivistic People
parents, solders, terrorists, religious groups
Egoistic People
men, protestants, lonely people
Fatalist People
depressed people, teenagers
Anomic People
Means: “I don’t know anymore”
divorced, bankrupt
Believed that religion is the central force in societal change
Max Weber
- Tried to bridge the gap between the powerful and the powerless
- Only sociologists to win the Nobel Peace Prize
Jane Addams
Who began the Hull House for the sick, poor, and immigrants?
Jane Addams
Defined the main problem of the twentieth century - the color line
W.E.B DuBois
- Helped form the NAACP
- Believed in the “talented Tenth” a group of highly educated blacks that could head & inspire others
W.E.B DuBois
