Sociology Exam Two Flashcards
What was the Missisippian culture? What parts of the United States were they from?
The Mississippian culture was a mound building Native American culture that flourished in the South and Eastern United States before the arrival of Europeans.
1805 Choctaw Treaty?
1830 Mississippi act?
1887 Daws Act?
Federal Gov’t reserved land for individual Choctaws.
Mississippi state government abolished sovereignty of Choctaw Nation.
Allotment act, divided reservation system into 160 acres per family, aimed to end tribal system and “habits of nomadic barbarism.”
Estimated that at least 1/5 died along the way.
Migration west of Mississippi River or registration for the Choctaws.
What Native Americans were in Georgia?
Who was the chief justice of the Cherokees?
Who did Chief John Ross appeal to?
Cherokee.
Chief John Ross.
President Andrew Jackson.
What did Chief John Ross say to President Jackson? How did Jackson react?
The federal government should protect Cherokee land.
Appointed Commissioner Schermerhorn to draft a treaty for Cherokee removal.
What did the treaty that Schermerhorn made say? What was it called? What was the condition on that?
How was the treaty a sham? What bad thing did they do? Think of two things.
New Echota: Cherokees would give up in their land in exchange for money. The whole tribe needed to ratify it.
Only a tiny fraction of Cherokees attended, and not even the leaders.
Put Chief Ross in jail, suppress information about the treaty.
The Trail of Tears involved which Native Americans? How many died?
Cherokees. 1 out of 4 died.
In 1867 writer for The Nation asked:
“What shall we do with the Indians?”
1871 Indian Appropriations Act. How were Indians viewed now?
What did the Pawnees love?
On March 3, 1871, the Indian Appropriations Act was passed. This law ended treaty making between tribes and the federal government. Native Americans were stripped of their power and their strength because from that point on they were considered only as individuals.
Buffalo.
What was the threat for the Pawnees?
The railroad.
What did Custer say?
“Custer thought that ‘if’ he were an Indian, he would choose the ‘free open plains’ rather than submit to the ‘confined limits of a reservation.’ Death would be preferable to life in a cage.”
What did John Collier call for?
How did Collier view land allotment?
Cultural Pluralism.
It was destroying Indian way of life.
What is the Indian Reorganization act?
Who founded it?
No allotment.
Give Indians control over their own lands.
They could have self rule.
John Collier.
What was a way of life for the Navajos?
Where did the Pawnee tribe go?
Sheep.
Oklahoma.
What was Elder Echo Hawk’s job? (2)
Head of United States Bureau of Indian Affairs (2009-2012).
Elected Idaho’s attorney general (1990).
What three disadvantages to modern Native Americans face today?
Below average income.
High rate of poverty.
A low rate of college graduation.
What are some of the improvements for the Native Americans since the 1990’s?
Native American organizations have reported gains in new membership applications.
Children are learning native languages.
What are two bad things modern Native Americans deal with?
New casinos, though most profits go elsewhere.
Significant social problems remain.
Jamestown labor?
What key factor when the first Africans arrived in Jamestown?
What huge thing about Jamestown will Dr. Leake ask you on a test?
White indentured servants.
No legal institution of slavery in 1619 when first Africans arrived.
Jamestown, at the start, had no fully formed social construct of race (yet).
Why did the demand for labor surge around 1620 in Virginia? (2)
Tobacco.
Taking of Indian Land.
How were both white and black indentured servants treated?
What law began to diverge the treatment of blacks/whites indentured servitude?
How were African servants punished, unlike the whites?
Initially, African and English indentured servants were treated the same (but not well).
1640 VA law that arms should only be supplied to all servants “excepting negros.”
African runaways punished differently, a lifetime of servitude emerges as a social practice.
How did the whites view Blacks? (2)
What was your black race-based upon?
Inferior
They were percieved as a threat to the social order.
Mother’s race.
1669 VA law?
1680 VA law?
What’s a unique fact about Bacon’s rebellion?
Your slave is with your estate.
No freedom of assembly for Blacks.
Minority group was the numerical majority.
What was Jefferson capable of doing?
What did Jefferson believe about slavery?
What did Jefferson vote in favor of?
Punishing slaves with cruelty.
He also believed slavery to be “an immoral institution.”
Gradual emancipation, but wanted everyone expelled to Haiti.
What was the shift?
Class system to a race and class system.
What issues did Blacks face in the North?
Violent racism
Stuck to lower jobs.
Could not vote.
School segregation.
What is the bad cycle?
Poverty to Stereotype to Discrimination to Segregation to segregation to degradation.
What was Sambo? How was “Sambo” described?
The idea of “sambo” was a stereotype of african americans to white southerns, slaves were childlike, irresponsible, lazy, affectionate and happy. “Sambo” adults were considered grown up boys and girls. The slaves had to be governed as children. If freed they would burden society. Without slavery they would become “indolent lazy thieviesh drunken” working only when they could not steal. They were extremely happy, singing, laughing, dancing, and chattering. Masters felt compelled to justify their institution as a positive good. If they could show that their slaves were happy with their condition then they could defend themselves against their moral critics. “enlightened, docile, and happy. conscious of his own inferiority and proud of being owned and governed by a superior. The image of Sambo also gave masters the assurance that their slaves were under control. Surley happy slaves would not kill their master?
Who is Martin Delaney?
Only African American to attain rank of Major in Civil War.
The Father of Black Nationalism.
An advocate of separatism.
