sociology exam 2 Flashcards by Miranda Spillett

In the film “Untold Wealth”, the film is about…

The rise of the Super Rich

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In the ABC film excerpt “Working Poor”, the working poor were

Chris Merchant, who makes $8.50 an hour at an herb-packing plant. His fiance Eryn makes about $99 a week as a baby-sitter, when she’s not taking care of their own two boys, aged one and three. The pair’s combined household income amounts to $18,000 a year – below the federal poverty line. Even with housing assistance, Medicaid for the kids, and occasional help from a social services agency, the Merchants live with the fear of becoming destitute.

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According to Immanuel Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory, which nations are at the “core” of the world economy?

The developed, wealthy nations in the global North

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In Michael Moore’s film “Capitalism”, he depicts post World War II images of:

idk….

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In Michael Moore’s film “Capitalism”, the VIP guy of FOA (Friends of Angelo)

Robert Feinberg (VIP) explains how people in power – who were supposed to be regulating the housing industry – were getting sweetheart mortgages while regular customers were getting pieces of crap.

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In Michael Moore’s film “Capitalism”, the overall setting toward the end of the film addressed a conspiracy between:

The film centers on the late-2000s financial crisis and the recovery stimulus, while putting forward an indictment of the current economic order in the United States and capitalism in general.

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Which of the following solutions addresses racism at the societal level?

Education Reform

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Who claims that power is “the ability of people or groups to realize their own will in group action even against the resistance of others”?

Max Weber

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According to the text, the state attempts to control the behavior of individuals in all of the following except which way?

They use prisons and death penalties as a deterrent

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_________ theorists believe political systems serve important purposes necessary in society.

FUNCTIONAL

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_____ theorists believe that the state protects the privileged position of a few, allowing these few to consolidate power.

CONFLICT

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The statement “Power is concentrated in the hands of the elite, and the masses have little power” most closely reflects

Power Elite Theory

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Which of the following social theorists distinguishes between legitimate and illegitimate power?

Max Weber

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According to Max Weber, governments are given legitimate power when:

Citizens acknowledge that the government has the right to exercise  power over them

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Which of the following types of authority is passed on through the generations?

Traditional Authority

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Which of the following types of authority is held by an individual with extraordinary personal characteristics?

Rational-Legal Authority

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Which of the following types of authority is most typical of modern nation-states?

Rational-Legal Authority

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Joseph lives in a country where he is not allowed to go to school with white students since he, himself, is not white. He can only eat in certain restaurants, and he has a government mandated curfew based on his race. He cannot buy a house in certain parts of town and must sit on the left side of the bus. Joseph lives in a town that is:

Segregated

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Mahatma Gandhi, Jesse Jackson, and Caesar Chavez used _____ to bring about institutional and societal change.

Non violent resistance

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_____are attitudes that prejudge a group, usually negative and not based on facts.

Prejudice

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______differential treatment and harmful actions against minorities.

Discrimination

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The dominant group has:

power, resources, and representation in social institutions.

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A biological term that refers to ascribed genetic, anatomical, and hormonal differences between men and women is:

sex

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About 1.7% of babies are born with “anomalies of sex chromosomes, internal procreative organs, and external genitalia in a variety of combinations” and are otherwise known as:

Intersexed

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According to most sociologists, gender roles are:

Socially constructed, created by human beings, and designed to meet the needs of each society. --> all of the above

Which of the following statements about gender roles is false?

Gender roles are universal

The term _____ refers to “identification as someone who is challenging, questioning, or changing gender from that assigned at birth to a chosen gender.”

Transgender

Which country has the lowest percentage of women in national politics?

USA

The process by which people learn the cultural norms, attitudes, and behaviors appropriate to their gender is:

Gender Socialization

Which of the following is the clearest example of childhood gender socialization?

Not allowing girls to play in the mud because girls are not supposed to get dirty

According to the text, teachers are most likely to reward girls for being:

obedient and passive

Social forces that keep women from reaching the highest levels of corporate and public responsibility are known as the:

glass ceiling

Social forces that keep the vast majority of the world's women stuck in low-paid jobs are known as the:

Sticky Floor

_____ are interested in how power and resource inequality between men and women result in different social rights and rewards.

interactionists

The statement, "Each sex plays a complementary role to ensure the survival and efficiency of society" is a tenet of which sociological theory?

structural-fuctional theory

Puja decides to make a change and cut her hair very short. To maintain her feminine look, she wears a dress, big earrings, and lots of makeup. Puja is:

doing gender

The statement, “Gender division of labor exists in modern societies because it is efficient and useful to have different-but-complementary male and female roles” most closely reflects:

structural-functional theory

The statement, “By keeping women in traditional gender roles, men maintain control over institutions and resources” most closely reflects:

conflict theory

The statement, "Patriarchy is the cause of women's oppression" is a tenet of which sociological theory?

feminist

Kina is a 17-year-old girl. To discourage her from becoming deviant, her parents encouraged her to attend church, study hard, and believe that "nice girls finish first." Kina's parents are also sociologists. Kina's parents most likely subscribe to which theory of deviance?

Social Control Theory

Anomie and strain are associated with the:

Structural Socialist Perspective

Susan would love to be a lawyer but cannot afford to go to law school. Her boyfriend suggested that she steal from her grandmother's estate in order to finance her education, but she refused. Instead, she took a two-year course and became a librarian. Robert Merton would classify Susan's actions as:

Ritualism

Juan Carlos originally hoped to purchase a home. However, because he could not earn enough money to ever afford one, he decided that a home was no longer important. Instead, he found happiness through quitting his job, moving into a shack in the woods, and enjoying the solitude. Merton would classify Juan Carlos's adaptation to strain as:

Retreatism

Casey could not believe that her friends were continuing on to college after high school. She found it much more important to try to overthrow the current government, and she planned to chain herself to the capital building and stage a hunger strike until her demands were met. Merton would argue that Casey was coping with strain through

Rebellion

Which theoretical perspective argues that deviance will always exist until the extreme inequality of society is changed dramatically?

Conflict

Which of the following sources of information are based on police reports?

Uniform Crime Reports

Which of the following do the authors of the text and Dr. McIntyre argue is the best way to measure crime?

Triangulation of multiple data sources

White collar crime is:

A. Less visible than violent crimes B. More costly than violent crimes C. More deadly than violent crimes D. ALL OF THE ABOVE

Companies that fail to install adequate safety equipment because they feel pressured not to cut into their profits commit a crime against their employees. This behavior can best be explained as ?

strain, differential association

__________ refers to how individuals are layered or ranked in society according to how many valued resources they possess.

Social stratification

All of the following are main assumptions of stratification except:

Wealth is the most important resource

Which of the following is an example of achieved capital?

Achieved capital is your social status. Examples would be an Olympic Athlete or Criminal

Which of the following is an example of ascribed capital?

Examples would include race, gender, and family origins

Lindsey needs a car to get back and forth from her home in the city to her university, which are four miles apart. When shopping for a car, Lindsey decides to buy a Hummer H3 because she wants a car that her peers will notice and respect. Through this purchase, Lindsey exhibits:

Conspicuous Consumption

Jason is writing a paper on social stratification. The basic argument of his paper is that the job of “college professor” is extremely important to the creation of knowledge and production of culture. Due to this importance, college professors deserve a pay increase to attract the smartest and most capable individuals to fill this important role. Jason is arguing the ________ theory of stratification.

Evolutionary***

Which theorist(s) is (are) most strongly associated with the structural functionalist view of social stratification?

KINGSKEY DAVIS AND WILBERT MOORE

Which of the following is a key assumption of a conflict theorist's view of social stratification?

Stratification is the outcome of struggles for dominance in scarce resources.

The violation of social norms is called:

Deviance

The forms of deviance in which formal written penalties are imposed by society are:

Crimes

Which of the following is incorrect about deviance?

Deviants always purposely and knowingly break the law

Consider the statement, "People learn to conform or deviate from the individuals they spend time with." With which theory does this statement best fit?

Differential Association

The statement, “Members of society create deviance by defining certain behaviors as deviant,” most closely reflects:

Labeling Theory

In the film “Omar and Pete”, Omar and Pete are

Recovering addicts trying to change their lives after getting out of jail. They are also both black

According to Karl Marx, which of the following is a characteristic of the proletariat?

***Those who sell their labor to capitalists (the "have-nots")

The historical event that largely shaped conflict theorists' view of social stratification was the:

The shift from the feudal system to urban industrialism

__________ refers to the extent and direction of individual movement in the social stratification system.

Social Mobility

Which type of stratification system allows movement between classes?

open

In __________ stratification systems, the characteristics individuals are born with determine their positions in society.

ascribed

In __________ stratification systems, individuals are allowed to earn positions through their abilities and efforts.

Achieved

Since 1969, the middle class in the United States has:

Decreased

Which of the following statements about the middle class in the United States is false?

Wages and salaries in the middle classes have increased since the 1980s.

Which of the following statements about social classes in the United States is true?

Wages and salaries for the upper classes have risen in the past 30 years.

Although she works 30 hours a week, Natalie is unable to earn enough money to bring her and her sons to the poverty line, according to the income requirement set by the federal government. Natalie and her family are experiencing:

Absolute poverty

Before the civil rights laws were passed in the United States in the 1960s, a number of states had__________ laws that spelled out differential treatment for racial groups.

Jim Crow

As Eric waited for class to start, he considered starting a conversation with one of his classmates. However, Eric decided they all looked like "frat boys" and he figured they would have nothing in common, so he sat silently and waited for class to start. Eric's behavior can be best described as:

Stereotyping

When minority group members internalize prejudiced views about their group and allow these beliefs to shape their behavior, it creates a:

Self-fulfilling prophecy

__________ occurs when a minority group is blamed for others' failures and shortcomings.

Scapegoating

When the Serbian army massacred Bosnian civilians while conducting "ethnic cleansing," they were participating in this type of group relation, in which the dominant group makes a systematic effort to destroy a minority group:

Genocide