Sociology Exam 1 Review Flashcards
A basic image of society that guides thinking and research.
Theoretical Paradigm
Comprised of people who must sell their labor because they have no other means to earn a livelihood.
Proletariat
“If humans define situations as real, they are real in their consequences.”
Thomas Theorem
According to Merton, institutional outcomes can be ________ (intended) or ________ (unintended)
Manifest and Latent
Refers to the idea that people tend to see themselves as they think other people see them.
Looking Glass Self
The theoretical paradigm that assumes that various social institutions and processes in society exist to serve some important (or necessary) function to keep society running.
Functionalism
Research methods that attempt to collect information about the social world that cannot be readily converted to numeric form.
Qualitative Research
A simultaneous change in two variables.
Correlation
The ability to connect one’s personal experiences to the broader society and historical forces.
Sociological Imagination
What are the 3 factors needed to establish Causality?
Correlation, Time Order, and Ruling out Alternative Explanations.
An element of nonmaterial culture known as __________ is a system of concepts and relationships sometimes used to understand cause and effect.
Ideology
A micro-level theoretical perspective in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people’s actions.
Symbolic Interactionism
A University of Michigan professor best known for his concept of the “Looking Glass Self”
Charles Horton Cooley
The idea that discord between competing interests is the basic, animating force of social change and society in general.
Conflict Theory
Encompasses everything that is a part of our constructed environment, such as books, fashion, and monuments.
Material Culture
The process by which a researcher transforms an abstract concept into a measurable variable.
Operationalization
The belief that one’s own culture or group is superior to others, and the tendency to view all other cultures from the perspective of one’s own.
Ethnocentrism
A research approach that starts with empirical observations and then works to form a theory.
Inductive Approach
The _____ variable is the “change agent” or cause of an effect in the _____ variable
Independent and Dependent
When a change in one variable is the direct result of a change in another variable, this (difficult to obtain) condition exists.
Causality
_____ Companies own _____% of the Media in the US.
6, 90%
A group of social positions, connected by social relations, that preform important social roles and exert significant influence on our behaviors. Examples include family, media, education, and economy.
Social Institution
The idea that culture is a projection of social structures and relationships into the public sphere (via media, in particular).
Reflection Theory
Gramsci’s concept for the historical process in which a dominant group exercises moral and intellectual leadership by receiving the approval and voluntary ‘consent’ of the masses.
Hegemony
This concept suggests that getting a “piece of paper” is more important than actually having the knowledge to do a job.
Credentialism
Any vehicle that carries, presents, or communicates information.
Mass Media
