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sociology chapter 1 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is sociology

A

systematic study of human society and social interaction

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2
Q

what is a society

A

a large group of people that share a common geography, political system and culture

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3
Q

what is sociological perspective?

A

an approach that attempts to understand human behavior by placing it within its broader social context

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4
Q

what is sociological imagination

A

the ability to see the relationships between individual experiences and the larger society

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5
Q

what is micro-macro linkage

A

how individual behavior is influenced by larger social issues

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6
Q

what is social structure

A

social forces beyond the control of a single individual that shapes or influences behavior. Laney college Netflix
- unwritten rules of bbehavior

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7
Q

what is psychology

A

brain science focuses on individual behavior but looks for explanations within the individual

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8
Q

what is biology

A

genetic differences in individuals

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9
Q

what is economics

A

focus on market behavior

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10
Q

what is geography

A

social science how place affects human behavior

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11
Q

what is anthroplogy

A

focus on culture and how it affects behavior

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12
Q

why is sociology useful

A

debunks common sense myth about the social world

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13
Q

who was emile durkheim

A

sociologist that patterned ways of acting, thinking and feeling that exist outside any one individual but that control your behavior. Father of functionalism

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14
Q

who was karl marx

A

father of conflict theory believed that the key to human history was class conflict. competing social classes drives human history

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15
Q

who was max weber

A

sociologists that wanted others to see the world as others would see it. Protestant work ethic and the spirit of capitalism

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16
Q

who was auguste comte

A

coined the term sociology

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17
Q

who was herbert spencer

A

sociologist that believed in social darwinism between races

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18
Q

who was george simmel

A

focused on the geometry of social life and studied patterns of individual interactions within groups

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19
Q

who was W.E.B Du Bois

A

african american sociologist that focused on race relations

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20
Q

who was Jane Addams

A

influential woman sociologist and is one of very few to win a noble prize for sociology

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21
Q

who was Andre Guerry

A

launched sociology by comparing moral statistics for english and french cities

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22
Q

what is moral statistics

A

crime, suicide, illegitimate births and etc

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23
Q

what else did Guerry focus on

A
  1. ) structural forces outside of the individual that have powerful influences on indivudal and group behavior
  2. ) population density, unemployment
  3. ) look for explanations in a broader concept
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24
Q

what is macro sociology

A

focuses on broad features of the social structure

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25
Q

what are the two theories of macro sociology

A

functionalism and conflict

26
Q

what is micro-sociology

A

focues on small groups and interpersonal interactions

27
Q

what are the two theories of micro-sociology

A

symbolic interaction, exchange

28
Q

what is functionalism

A

society is stable and is orderly

29
Q

what are some characteristics of a stable society

A

members share common set of beliefs and values

30
Q

why does society de

A

they help society survive

31
Q

what are some functional requirements

A
  • replace members
  • teach new members
  • produce goods and services
  • have order
  • sense of purpose
  • adapatation
32
Q

what is the functionalist theory

A

major institutions and the arrangements of society is the most efficient way of meeting basic needs

33
Q

what is manifest

A

intended function of an institution ( read, write, math)

34
Q

what is latent

A

unintended benefit (follow rules)

35
Q

what is conflict perspective?

A

argues that major institutions protect the property and the status of the rich from the poor

36
Q

what is conflict?

A

groups are engaged in a continuous power struggle for scare resource

37
Q

what does a conflict theorist focus on

A

major problems within institutions

38
Q

what is microsociology

A

focuses on small groups rather than large scale social structures

39
Q

what is interaction

A

immediate reciprocally orientated communication between two or more actors

40
Q

what is a symbol

A

form of communication either verbal or nonverbal

41
Q

what is self concept

A

how we view ourselves

42
Q

what does our self-concept depend on

A

how others treat us and interact with is

43
Q

what is the social exchange theory

A

actors engage in cost/benefit analysis

44
Q

what is antipositivism

A

view that social researchers should strive for subjectivity as they worked to represent social processes, cultural norms and societal values.

45
Q

what is dramaturgical analysis

A

when sociologists view society through a metaphor of theatrical performance

46
Q

what is an example of dramaturgical analysis

A

For example, a server in a restaurant is likely to perform one way in front of customers but might be much more casual in the kitchen. It is likely that he or she does things in the kitchen that might seem unseemly in front of customers.

47
Q

what is dynamic equilibrium

A

a stable state in which all parts of a healthy society work together properly

48
Q

what is an example of dynamic equilibrium

A

As an example of this in real life, think about a saucepan of water that you are heating to boil some potatoes because the water is working and the potatoes are cooking at its highest point of effectiveness

49
Q

what are social dysfunctions

A

social patterns that have undesirable consequences

50
Q

what is figuration

A

always analyzing the behavior of an individual and the society that shapes that behavior

51
Q

what are generalized others

A

the organized and generalized attitude of a social group

52
Q

what are grand theories

A

attempt to explain large-scale relationships and answer questions such as why societies form and why they change

53
Q

what is a hypothesis

A

a testable proposition

54
Q

what are paradigms

A

philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations and the experiments performed in support of them

55
Q

what is reification

A

an error of treating an abstract concept as though it has a real, material existence

56
Q

what are significant others

A

specific individuals that impact a person’s life

57
Q

what are social facts

A

the laws, morals, values, religions and all of the cultural rules that govern social life

58
Q

what is a social institution

A

patterns of belief and behaviors focused on meeting social needs

59
Q

what is an example of a social institution

A

school

60
Q

what is social solidarity

A

social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, religion

61
Q

what is symbolic interactionism

A

a theoretical perspective through which scholars examine the relationship of individuals within their society by studying their communication (language and symbols)

62
Q

what is verstehen

A

a German word that means to understand in a deep way

sociology (6 decks)

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