Sociology Flashcards

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1
Q

Sociological Discourse

A

A discourse is a way of reflecting on data and observations made about people or an event. Opinions are based upon a collection of beliefs. ‘truths’, myths and the language of a culture/subculture.

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2
Q

Stereotype

A

Assumptions about individuals based on their social group membership rather than individual characteristics.

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3
Q

Youth

A

A Socially constructed, age-based, social category appropriate to Western societies which usually includes young people between the ages of 12 and 24.

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4
Q

Adolescence

A

A term with strong biological associations describing the period of onset puberty to full physiological maturation.

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5
Q

Prejudice

A

A positive or negative prejudgement (attitude) about an entire category of people.

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6
Q

Discrimination

A

The unequal treatment (actions) towards a category of people.

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7
Q

Ethnicity

A

The particular cultural features that are shared by a distinctive group or population. The social traits shared by these groupings include nationality, ideology and lifestyles. Common language, common cultural and religious practises and a common ancestry support the ethnic identity.

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8
Q

Cultural Hybridity

A

The process of combining and drawing upon different cultural and ethnic identities to create a new hybridised culture, slightly changing the dominant culture in the process.

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9
Q

Scientific Methods

A

Research based on observable, empirical and measurable evidence that precedes from observation, hypothesis-testing then evaluation.

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10
Q

Sociological Imagination

A

A form of critical thinking that examines the social world from multiple points of view. It sees the social in individual behaviour.

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11
Q

Theory

A

A theory is a statement about the way the world is believed to work. The role of sociological theories is to explain social behaviour in the real world. For example, why are some people racist or sexist or ageist?

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12
Q

Sociological Perspective

A

A sociological perspective is a collection of theories that provides researchers with a model to guide and reflect upon their social research.

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13
Q

Feminism

A

A theoretical perspective that advocates for gender equality by opposing sexism and patriarchy.

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14
Q

Research Methods

A

The ways in which researches collect data, conduct research and analyse findings.

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15
Q

Experiment

A

Controlled research that involves testing the effect of one variable on another variable, usually by comparing results from a control group to an experimental group.

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16
Q

Survey

A

Research involving participants responding to a set of questions or statements that are usually analysed statistically.

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17
Q

Questionnaire

A

Research involving a set of planned questions for participants to answer which is usually analysed statistically.

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18
Q

Interview

A

Research whereby a participant is asked to answer a series of questions through a one-on-one conversation.

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19
Q

Fieldwork

A

Research involving the careful observation and recording of participant behaviour in a naturalistic setting.

20
Q

Participant Observation

A

Research involving the careful watching and recording of participant (subject) behaviour in a clinical or naturalistic setting.

21
Q

Secondary Analysis

A

Research involving the study of data conducted by someone else.

22
Q

Historical Analysis

A

Research involving the use of primary sources and other original evidence to form accounts of the past.

23
Q

Quantitative Data

A

Numerical information that has been collected in research that reflects the amount or ‘quantity’ of what is being studied.

24
Q

Qualitative Data

A

Descriptive information that has been collected in research that includes words, descriptions, pictures and other ‘qualities’ of what is being studied. Commonly used in the social sciences.

25
Q

Social Class

A

The social identity and status of groups of people based on shared social and economic background. In Australia, the term socioeconomic status (SES) is often used interchangeable with social class.

26
Q

Intergenerational Inequity

A

Disadvantage that passes across multiple generations within the one family.

27
Q

Gender

A

Refers to the socially and culturally constructed categories of feminine and masculine, as compared to the biological categories of sex (female or male).

28
Q

Sexual Orientation

A

Refers to a person’s physical and/or attraction to the same and/or opposite gender.

29
Q

Baby Boomers

A

A social category encompassing Australians who were born between 1946 and 1964.

30
Q

Generation Y

A

A social category encompassing Australians who were born between 1980 and 1994.

31
Q

Generation Z

A

A social category encompassing Australians who were born between 1996 and 2009.

32
Q

Digital Native

A

A person born into a generation in which information and communication technology (ICT) already existed, and who has therefore used ICT from a young age.

33
Q

Digital Immigrant

A

A person who was born before the prevalence of information and communication technology (ICT) and subsequently learnt to use it later in life.

34
Q

Generation X

A

The generation of people born between 1963 and 1980. They are described as being individualistic, flexible, technologically proficient and possessing a strong work/life balance.

35
Q

Subculture

A

A minority group containing members who are categorised with shared characteristics or interests such as norms, values, ethnicity, social class or sexual orientation.

36
Q

Sociology

A

The study of the development and functioning of human society.

37
Q

Functionalism

A

The theory of each part of society is interdependent and contributes to society to work successfully together.

38
Q

Marxism

A

The perspective of society’s exploitation of the poor by the rich and powerful.

39
Q

Feminism

A

Range of theories concerned with the effect of gender differences on social experiences.

40
Q

How Sociology is a Social Science

A

As a social science studies human society and/or social relationships, which is apart of sociology. Sociologists draw on the scientific method while conducting a study.

41
Q

Social Categories

A

A social category is a group of anonymous individuals who share a social characteristic,such as age, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, class or disability.

42
Q

Social Sustainability

A

A type of social planning that puts into place arrangements to meet the social needs of the current generation without compromising the institution stability and viability of future generations.

43
Q

Environmental Sustainability

A

Refers to the ability to maintain renewable resources (e.g. water and forests), preserve non-renewable resources (e.g. oil and coal) and minimise pollution to help meet the needs of future generations.

44
Q

Homogeneous Thinking

A

Simple thinking.

45
Q

Bias

A

Inclination or prejudice for or against one person or group, especially in a way considered to be unfair.