sociology Flashcards
what is self concept, and what are three factors that influence development of self concept?
self-concept is defined as the knowledge and understanding of oneself. This knowledge is based on one’s understanding of the self physiologically, physically, mentally, and socially
the factors that influence self concept are:
self-efficacy
self-esteem
locus of control
what is self efficacy?
self-efficacy is the fact that one may do better or worse on an exam based on their interpretation of their abilities
what is self-esteem?
judgement of self-worth. self-evaluation
at what stage or Erikson’s developmental stages does one develop identity? what age?
erikson said identity develops in adolescence. The challenge here is identity vs. role confusion. If one doesn’t find their identity in adolescence then they may be confused about their role for the remainder of life
describe charle’s cooley’s looking glass self and its effect on identity formation
looking glass self was a concept that states we develop our identity based on perceiving how other’s judge us. We develop who we are by internalizing other’s judgments of us.
george meade was a supporter of social behaviorism. Describe his idea of symoblic interactionism
symbolic interactionism states that we develop our identity through learning to associate symbols with meaning in our everyday life. symbolic interactionism says that the mind and self emerge from communicating with others.
what is the generalized other
the generalized other is when a child realizes the societal expectations of their behavior
what are norms
social expectations which are reinforced through sanctions (good or bad)
what are sactions
sanctions are reinforcement for complying or deviating from norms
formal norms
norms such as laws which have a punishment/consequence for deviating from them
informal norms
folkways: no real punishment for breaking these socially constructed informal norms (like handshake)
agents of socialization
school, family, media, gov, work, peers
what is the difference between dispositional attribution and situational attribution?
dispositional attribution is posiiting someone’s behavior as a result of the character.
situational attribution places the reason for people’s behavior on the situation
these attribution models rely on three factors: concensus (is he mad or is everyone mad? if everyone then prolly the situation), consistency (he’s always made, thats his personality, and distinctiveness
social facilitation effect
social facilitation effect is when people do better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when other’s are present. This is due to the fact that other’s arouse us, and we revert to a dominant (well learned) response when under pressure. this results in advancement in wel learned behavior, decrease in abilities at complex tasks
deindivuation
mixture of high arousal and low responsibility leads to strange, scary behahior
group polarization
when an individual in a group changes their view towards a more extreme version of their opinion. this is due to two reasons: in a polarized group with strong views, reasons to support their view are commonly talked about and enforce their belief. the second reason is normative influence: desire to fit it and have others like you due to your strong stance
self serving bias
a form of fundamental attribution error in which you give yourself credit for wins, situation credit for losing
prejudice vs stereotype
prejudice is the feelings and attitudes about a certain group of people. prejudice may be conscious or subconscious, positive or negative
stereotypes are the beliefs that someone has about a group of people. beliefs about how the group acts or thinks
illusory correlation
seeing a relationship among variables even if one isn’t actually present. aka noticing patterns in data that aren’t true
self fulfilling prophecy
stereotype of a certain group is affirmed due to lack of griving members of that group a chance to prove said stereotype otherwise.
