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sociology > sociology 100 exam 1 > Flashcards

sociology 100 exam 1 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Textbook definition of sociology

A

Sociology is the study of human groups: their origin, development, structure, function, and significance for social life

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2
Q

Historical view of sociology

A

The physics of sociology - trying to apply natural science to the study of society (cause and effect)

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3
Q

What does sociology study in the social sciences?

A

Study of the group

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4
Q

Peter Berger definition of sociology

A

Sociology is a passionate curiosity - disciplined by scientific methodology - about the interactions of people

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5
Q

C Wright Mills sociology definition

A

the intersection of biology and history, shows how social structures which people have no power over influence their lives

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6
Q

Terry’s sociology definition

A

a disciplined conversation about the power of groups over their members over each other in society

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7
Q

Durkheim view on sociology

A

the study of the group (sociology) is more powerful in understanding human behavior than either biology or psychology.

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8
Q

Why take sociology?

A
  • To better understand how they have been shaped by their group memberships.
  • To better understand how groups affect each other and shape our society.
  • Doctors, dentists, lawyers, social workers, psychologists, marketers & PR people, etc.: To better understand individuals they will be working with professionally, based on the group memberships of those individuals.
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9
Q

Max Weber and ideal types

A

groups whose members share characteristics and can be studied as a single unit, protestants, dangers of stereotyping

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10
Q

Monopoly metaphor

A

The game of Monopoly is something you can describe without describing the players; in a similar sense, you can describe a social system without describing the individual players. Like Monopoly, social systems can make you greedier and take the path of least resistance.

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11
Q

Ideology

A

A set of beliefs, attitudes, and opinions that may or may not be based on scientific opinions. They are created by social groups.

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12
Q

Critical thinking

A

the attempt to go outside of our ideologies and try to logically think about an issue with reflective judgement

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13
Q

Dominant discourse

A

the way most people or people in power think and speak about a particular issue

ex. Columbus and the Indigenous group

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14
Q

Individualism

A

explains the world in terms of the individual perspective, sees social problems as the fault of the individual

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15
Q

Social system

A

the larger things we participate in (monopoly)

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16
Q

Sociology’s core view of reality

A

We are always participating in something larger than ourselves, and if we want to

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17
Q

Johnson’s view of society

A

Systems exert strong influence over our behavior and we influence the larger systems. We all participate in multiple social systems, which are a collection of roles in relationship to one another, but as individuals, we are NOT the system. We receive and/or denied privilege by the system even if we don’t choose it.

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18
Q

Social systems to individuals

A

lives are shaped by paths of least resistance and socialization

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19
Q

Individuals to systems

A

without individuals, systems would not exist

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20
Q

Agency and structure

A

concepts that suggest to what extent an individual’s life is determined by social forces, says individuals still have personal responsibility

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21
Q

culture

A

the way we construct reality within a social systems, using ideas and symbols to assign meaning, and how we behave in relationship to these meanings we have constructed

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22
Q

beliefs

A

a way to know what to consider true and false… does it exist?
TRUTH, FICTION are social construct.

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23
Q

values

A

beliefs that designate what is good and bad, and guide choices

all values are beliefs, but not all beliefs are values

24
Q

norms

A

values reinforced with social consequences, used to create paths of least resistance (can be used to make something function, be criteria for membership, or basis for privilege)

25
Q

Two perspectives on norms

A

FUNCTIONALISM - they help society work/succeed

CONFLICT - they create and preserve inequalities

26
Q

attitudes

A

emotional reactions based on the BVN

27
Q

material culture

A

PHYSICAL expression of BVNA to express our culture

28
Q

high culture

A

BVNA that associate with wealth or high society; creative/artistic products of a group or society that reflect its BVNAs - more likely to be consumed by individuals with upper socioeconomic-status.

29
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

my culture is the best

30
Q

cultural relativity

A

culture is best understood through the people; my culture is good, but others can be good too. “it depends…”

31
Q

status

A

the position someone holds in society (ex. social job title)

behavior may be more a function of position than personality

position both empowers and constrains

one’s position in a social system has a relationship with all the other social positions in a system

32
Q

role

A

collection of BVNA that apply to person in role, creates paths of least resistance for person in role that can shape/influence how we behave (social job description)

33
Q

role conflict

A

multiple positions in overlapping social systems

34
Q

Merton’s Theory of Deviance

A

“Deviant” behavior results from the conflict between “shared values” and “unequal distributions”

35
Q

What does deviant behavior result from?

A

the conflict between shared values and unequal distribution

36
Q

nuclear family

A

chapter 3, a nuclear family was easier to move to the city, so the family structure was influenced by capitalism

37
Q

how does culture shape structure?

A

shapes roles associated with various statuses/positions in a social structure but can also shape unequal distributions

38
Q

how doe structure shape culture?

A

unequal distributions can shape culture, BVNA and material culture

Johnson’s ex. Racism

39
Q

William James

A

SOCIAL SELF (material self and spiritual self), psychologist, individual’s self is the sum total of all they can call theirs

40
Q

George Herbert Mead

A

REFLEXIVITY is ability to see ourselves as others do, LANGUAGE has large role in that

41
Q

Mead’s principle of generalized other

A

We infer how an anonymous group, the general public, sees us

42
Q

Charles Cooney

A

at first we look at PRIMARY GROUPS to look at ourselves, family, friends, neighbors

43
Q

Robert Park

A

we are socialized by the status and roles we occupy, so we try to make those SOCIAL ROLES part of ourselves

44
Q

Social inequality

A

patterns of behavior that contribute to privileging some groups over other represent social paths of least resistance

45
Q

Mead’s theory of actions based on social meaning

A

social gestures; we act in response to others’ ACTION BASED ON SOCIAL MEANING of their actions and ours

46
Q

Goffman’s metaphor of actor and audience

A

DRAMATURGY; we are an actor acting on stage being influenced by audience, but we are also the audience watching others act

47
Q

Allan Johnson and JAZZ

A

individual players can improvise, but they play within existing musical forms, and music happens among and within a player

48
Q

what do systems require to function?

A

people to support it and participate in it

49
Q

i love you

A

i: shows love
s: performative language, changes something

50
Q

not voting

A

i: lazy, doesn’t care about democracy
s: barriers to voting, two-party system

51
Q

poverty

A

i: wealth and poverty is due to being lazy or not working
s: poverty is necessary in capitalism

52
Q

men’s violence

A

i: bad guy, not all men
s: men can set agenda with violence, we excuse it by saying they are supposed to be in control

53
Q

Durkheim on suicide

A

Durkheim said suicide is, at its root, an instance of social deviance.

54
Q

Johnson’s explanation of how American racism was socially constructed

A

English vs Irish, said they were superior to the Irish and the Irish were subhuman, and used to justify creation of a slave class

55
Q

Social change

A

greensboro, we can change systems by stepping oof of the established paths for us, protests tried to change a racist system instead of challenging racists individually.

56
Q

Social structures

A

the organization of relationships at all levels of society… the “distributions” that occur in social relationships (i.e. wealth, power)

57
Q

Distribution

A

who gets what in terms of rewards, resources, power, etc.

sociology (1 decks)

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