Sociology 100 Chapter 1 Flashcards
strange in the familiar
looking for a way that society shapes our choices
general in the particular
the broader social patterns that are reflected in the actions of individuals
C.Wright mills
proposed society as a whole needed its citizens to look for the links between the macro and micro levels
Khaldun
power in different societies. as societies grew, labor was no longer used for survival but luxury
french revolution
enlightenment. rapid change. ordinary citizens could create large scale changes in society.
comte
science can be used to understand social change. coined the word sociology.
20th century
attention of scholars within different disciplines was focused on only a certain part of society.
21st century
post disciplinarity: boundaries between disciplines.
interdisciplinarity: working together to understand a social phenomenon.
sociological imagination
empirical research methods, sociological theorizing, and critical thinking.
3 different approaches to build a theory
positivist: explanation and prediction
interpretive: understanding self and others
critical: power and emancipation
sociological theoretical perspectives
functionalist (positivist) conflict (critical) interactionist (interpretive) feminist (critical) postmodern (critical)
Functionalism
positive approach. macro level in which society is perceived as several structures each of which fulfills functions. consensus and cooperation are fundamental to the maintenance of social order. Durkheim created anomie which is normalness.
Conflict
macro level that focuses on large institutions. emphasizes power and emancipation. society is characterized by conflict and competition over scarce resources. Marx emphasized powerful vs. powerlessness.
Interactionist
interpretive approach that analyzes how we develop understanding. communication. Mead and Blumer. importance of significant others. importance of a generalized other: an overall sense of peoples expectations.
Feminist
Martineau was a speaker for social reform. academic work and social and political practice. darker side of society.
Postmodern
way society has changed means we cannot rely on grand theories of society. Foucault emphasized the relationship between knowledge and power.