Sociologists/Studies

Question 1

Kidd

Answer 1

I said you can’t even say what constitues as a family anymore, in our postmodern world it is quite ambiguous

Question 2

Dennis and Erdos

Answer 2

We found fatherless figures children are less likely to be successfully socialised into the culture of discipline and compromise and so are less likely to be successful parents themselves. We also said boys without a father figure have problems with authority

Question 3

Chapman

Answer 3

I said that children are given gender stereotypical chores in the house to teach them what is gender appropriate

Question 4

Parsons

Answer 4

I said the function of the family is to socialise the young

Question 5

Phoenix

Answer 5

I found that boys who work hard are seen as Feminine by their peers

Question 6

Skeleton and Francis

Answer 6

We said that there are zones in the playground as we studies the peer group and playtime in primary schools - group ‘areas’

Question 7

McRobbie and Garber

Answer 7

We studied the bedroom culture of teenage girls - content analysis of ‘Jackie’ magazine, interviews with girls who attended youth clubs - Jackie very stereotypical in terms of gender representation

Question 8

Bennett

Answer 8

I studied middle aged punks and found they still shared interests and had group cohesion from younger days

Question 9

Blackman

Answer 9

I did the study of ‘New Wave Girls’ - they wore similar fashions (doc martens, black trousers, t-shirts and over-sized jumpers) - has a shared interest in punk and new wave music - they resisted masculine control and did not conform to the usual norms of femininity

Question 10

Williams

Answer 10

I worked for six weeks at a large, discount retailer and mother six weeks at a small boutique retailer - I found that parents bought their children gender stereotypical toys

Question 11

Bandura

Answer 11

Bandura conducted a study of media violence where children saw a film of an adult behaving aggressively towards a bobo doll and then copied this themselves when given opportunity

Question 12

Glennon and Butsch

Answer 12

Working class families are underrepresented and middle class families are over represented, working class families that are shown are either trying to move upwards or shown to be unintelligent

Question 13

Polemus

Answer 13

In our postmodern society there is a ‘supermarket of style’ (we can pick and choose who we want to be) this is largely influenced by the media

Question 14

Pearson

Answer 14

Young people seen as folk devils by the media and moral panics are created around them - deviance amplification

Question 15

Stefan Pakeerah

Answer 15

Stefan Pakeerah was killed by his friend after he had been playing a game called ‘manhunt’ - he copied methods from the game and killed Stefan with a hammer

Question 16

Gauntlett

Answer 16

Men are more likely to be shown as heroes in films and women as victims - men are also more likely to get leading roles when they are older

Question 17

Van Dijk

Answer 17

Black people tend to be portrayed as criminals in British news - black crime and violence one of the most frequent issues in ethnic coverage

Question 18

Jamie Bulger

Answer 18

A toddler that was kidnapped, tortured and killed by two young boys - it was claimed that the boys had seen a film ‘child’s play 3’ which contributed to the attack

Question 19

Taylor

Answer 19

In 1981 American media imports represented 75% of all imports in Europe (‘McDonaldisation’)

Question 20

Hagell and Newburn

Answer 20

They found that violent young offenders actually watch less TV than their non-violent counterparts, and that of the TV they do watch there is little difference in level of violence shown

Question 21

Holm and Bowker

Answer 21

We said that women are subordinate to men in all major world religions, and some all female groups e.g. nuns are formed due to this

Question 22

Alpert

Answer 22

I came up with the functions of religion:discipline, authority, cohesion, collective worship

Question 23

Miller and Hoffman

Answer 23

Said that women are more religious than men because they aren’t risky

Question 24

Hatcher

Answer 24

The education system in the U.K. does not encourage working class success, the experience of working and middle class children is very different

Question 25

Troyna and Williams

Answer 25

Describe the curriculum in British schools as ethnocentric because it gives priority the white culture and the English language

Question 26

Willis

Answer 26

Conducted ‘learning to labour’ study into working class lads in education, in Midlands, U.K. - they resisted education because of their of their working class culture which meant that they didn’t get any qualifications and so were only suited to manual work so thus they couldn’t break out of their class

Question 27

Mac an Ghail

Answer 27

• > Identifies a number of school subcultures such as:macho lads, academic achievers, new enterprises, real English men and gay students
• > Crises of masculinity as women take on traditionally male jobs

Question 28

Rosenthal and Jacobsen

Answer 28

They told teacher ps they had identified a number of ‘spurters’ but the children had been selected totally at random. A year later the ‘spurters’ did make greater progress than their classmates, they concluded that their progress was due to the way they had been defines - in particular, teachers expected more from them, conveyed by their expectation to them and they acted in terms of it resulting in a self fulfilling prophecy

Question 29

Ward and Winstanley

Answer 29

Studies the process of how workers come out in different types of organisations, in fire and police stations it was through interpersonal chat and this shows how these organisations socialise their work force into showing their identity with their own

Question 30

Salaman

Answer 30

In order to achieve the maximum amount of profit, employers need to control their labour force to make them as productive as possible

Question 31

Waddington

Answer 31

Used the concept of the ‘canteen culture’ to describe the set of norms and values that people who work in a particular organisation will be socialised to accept that certain language, behaviour and attitude become the norm

Question 32

Modood

Answer 32

• > Some workplaces are ethnically diverse but some are dominated by certain ethnic groups
• > surveyed young people and found out that 67% of pakistanais and Bangladeshis saw religion as ‘very important’, compared to 5% of white British youths

Question 33

Song

Answer 33

Many Chinese are employed in catering industry e.g. Chinese restaurants/takeaways

Question 34

Savage

Answer 34

Work is linked to class - working class have more practical jobs and doctors are more likely to be from the middle class

Question 35

Bruce

Answer 35

The attendance at religious services is declining

Question 36

Rich

Answer 36

I am a feminist, who said women are socialised into a heterosexual traditional female role

Question 37

Shakespeare

Answer 37

I said that disabled people are socialised into seeing themselves as victims

Question 38

Biggs

Answer 38

I found that old people are shown as feeble, vague and forgetful in the media

Question 39

Hall

Answer 39

I said that countries may display three different reactions to globalisation: Cultural homogenisation, Cultural hybridity and cultural resistance

Question 40

Weeks

Answer 40

I said that sexuality is a complicated form of identity, and is more meaningful for homosexuals than heterosexuals

Question 41

Zola

Answer 41

I said that disabled people are labelled -> borrowing language from able bodied society -> e.g as de-formed, dis-eased, dis-abled, dis-ordered, ab-normal and in-valid

Question 42

Anderson

Answer 42

National identity is socially constructed through symbols such as the flag and the anthem, and rituals such as national holidays and festivals

Question 43

Plummer

Answer 43

‘Homosexual Career’ is where a male who has accepted the label of homosexual will seek out others and join a subculture in sh witch stereotypical homosexual characteristics become the norm

Question 44

McIntosh

Answer 44

In Western cultures, the role of homosexual male may include effeminate mannerisms, a higher voice and attention to appearance

Question 45

Mori Survey 2002

Answer 45

38% cited ageism as form of discrimination they have faced in the workplace