Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

✅Sociology -family Trends booklet 2 > 🔴✅☑️✅☑️✅Sociologists > Flashcards

🔴✅☑️✅☑️✅Sociologists Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What did Jones say about the elderly?

A

That grandparents are known as the ‘reserve army of labour’

-2001

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did Chambers say about the view of the elderly?

A

The elderly aren’t a uniform group, elderly stereotypes of being ‘unproductive, infirm and dependent’ are untrue

-2012

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does Hillman and Hastings say about the elderly?

A

Elderly provide invaluable practical and emotional support to families who have multiple disadvantages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did Ben-Galim and Slim day about grandparents?

A

Found grandmother have more informal hours of childcare than grandfathers + play a crucial role in helping with childcare

-2013

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What did Statham find about childcare?

A

Found that in families where mothers in work/education, 71% receive a form of childcare from grandparents and 38% rely on grandparents as a main source of childcare

-2011

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What did Victor (2010) find about the growth of the extended family

A

He estimates 10% of 65+ years live in a 3 generational family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What did Chambers (2012) find about the elderly

A

That increased elderly are using communication technology such as phone, email and Facebook to contact extended kin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did Brannen (2003 find about beanpole families?

A

He notes the ageing population, women working the triple shift, decline in fertility and availability of divorce has led to the emergence of 4 generational families

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did brannen argue about the pivot generation?

A

The pivot generation or sandwich generation is increasingly in demand and strengthens ties through aiding needs of elderly and grandchildren

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What did Healey & Yarrow (1997) argue about women and the ageing population

A

He studied parents living with children and found most moved into the daughters household

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What did Bryan (2011) find about women and the ageing population?

A

Found career career is dominated by women in their 40’s and 50’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did Henrietta and Grundy coin?

A

Coined the sandwich generation where women care for their children and their parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What did Kate miller argue about smaller family sizes

A

She argues families are patriarchal which oppress women and therefore women are choosing to not live in nuclear family and have less children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does lewis argue about smaller family sizes?

A

There are specific government policy aimed at women working which have increase female economic independence and therefore women are having less children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does Allan & Crow (2001) argue about smaller family sizes

A

Increasing numbers of women have entered the labour market, divorce settlement have take. Ore account of female financial needs and welfare benefits for women with children have improved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does Sue Sharpe argue about smaller family sizes

A

The priorities of women have changed since the 1970’s from ‘love, marriage and career’ to ‘a job and a career’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does Allen and crow (2001) argue about contraception?

A

Availability of contraception eradicated fear of pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does Haskey define a single parent family as?

A

A family with one guardian and a child 16 and under or 16-19 in full time education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does Jesse Bernard (1982) argue about single parent families?

A

Marriage is more beneficial for men than women and therefore women don’t need to marry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does Wilson argue about single parents families

A

There is a decline on religion in society and therefore there are more single parent families

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does Mooney et Al (2009) argue about single parent families

A

Parental conflict is more important than parent separation as an influence in producing negative outcomes in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does Jane Ahrends argue about single parent families

A

The image of SPF as ‘young feckless women is wrong as ‘the vast majority are working mothers who are doing their best in circumstances they can’t choose’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How long does Jane Ahrends argue single parenthood lasts?

A

Lone parenthood is a phase that lasts on average 5.5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What did David Green find about SPF

A

If you take any measure e.g how well children do at school or whether they turn to crime, it’s better to have 2 parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What did Cockett and Tripp (1994) find in their Exeter study?

A

Discovered children of separated parents have a higher probability of experiencing poverty, poor housing, teenage pregnancy and low educational achievement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What did Chester find about cohabitation?

A

In most cases cohabitation is only a temporary phase and most of those who cohabit get married eventually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What did Denscombe find about The nuclear family?

A

He found 41% of children live in a non traditional family (2012)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What does postmodernists Pahl and Spencer (2001) argue about the family?

A

The ‘family’ is no longer useful to describe personal relationships in the 21st Century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What did functionalist Durkheim argue about individualism

A

Living alone is seen as the ‘cult of the individual’ not community’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What did Klienberg (2012) find about people living alone?

A

Living alone is seen as a mark of success amount young people e.g ‘creative singlehood’ trend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What did functionalists Bell and Vogel identify extended families as?

A

Identified extended families as ‘any group broader then the nuclear family which is related by marriage, decent or adoption’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What did Fitzgerald (1999) discover about same sex families

A

He discovered that same sex families are not different to those brought up in heterosexual families

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What does Drew (1998) found about marriage?

A

Marriage is now a matter of choice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What did Ermisch (1996) find about divorce

A

He found divorce is easier to obtain & people feel less shame, people hold on to employment as an insurance against divorce (especially women)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What did Maions and Plummer find about the difference in work over time

A

In 1915 45% of GB workers employed in manufacturing, now the majority of work is in the service sector which need skills not physical strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What did new right sociologist Morgan find about marriage

A

Marriage is in decline partly due to the welfare state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What did Rector (2014) argue about marriage

A

The welfare state had a serious damage on the institution of marriage because the benefits of the system has encouraged single parenthood at the expense of married parenthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What did Functionalist Ronald argue about marriage?

A

‘Relatively High divorce rates may be indicative of not lower but higher standards of marriage’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What did Giddens (1992) argue about confluent love

A

Trend towards confluent love which focuses on intamacy closeness and emotion not ‘till death do us part’ find satisfaction and fulfilment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What did Norman Dennis find about marriage

A

Modern marriage is based on emotion and attachment and if this breaks down there isn’t much point in marriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What did Hart say about marital breakdown

A

One reason for marital breakdown is conflict between spouses

42
Q

What did Edmund Leach state about the nuclear family

A

It suff red an emotional overload which increases conflict between members

43
Q

What did Gibson (1994) state about martial conflict

A

Modernism creates conflict between husband and wife as ther is a greater focus on the achievem rt of an individual

44
Q

What did Cockett and trip discover about divorce

A

Rising divorce rates has led to the ‘normalisation of divorce which has made it acceptable

45
Q

What has Kurtz (1995) states about women

A

Unless women become economically independent their opportunities to divorce are severely restricted

46
Q

What did Wilson (1996) state about religion

A

There is a link between religion and divorce

47
Q

What did New Right sociologist Patrica Morgan (1999) find about divorce

A

There is a direct link between divorce and increase crime rates therefore we need to return to traditional family values

48
Q

Kieran and Muller (1999)

A

Low income and reliance on benefits are factors increasing divorce

49
Q

What did Nicky Hart (1976) argues about divorced families

A

Divorced families may themselves see it as an acceptable situation to marriage difficulties

50
Q

What did Wilmott and Young (1975) argue about the family

A

Claimed the family is symmetrical as husband and wife have and equal role

51
Q

What did Anne Oakley claim to disagree with Wilmott and Young’s symmetrical family

A

Claimed that symmetry was a ‘myth’ as book ‘sociology of housework’ discovered women still had the prime responsibility of housework
(72% of husband helped with the housework)

52
Q

What did Oakley claim about women and house work

A

Women are oppressed by housework that has an exclusivity to womens non status work and economic dependence on males

53
Q

What did Fiona Devine find about housework

A

Men did little around the house even if they are unemployed

54
Q

What did Arlie Hochschild argue about childcare

A

He investigated the role of caring in the home and found women were taking a greater responsibility in childcare and men were reluctant to be involved with the ‘second shift’

55
Q

How many couples did Arlie Hochschild study?

A

52 couples

56
Q

What did Marsden and Duncombe coin?

A

Coined the triple shift wher women complete emotional, physical and housework

57
Q

What did Noddings (1984) claim about caring relationships

A

The consequence of ‘caring relationships’ is the ‘new man’ through the change in conjugal roles

58
Q

What did Vogler and Pahl (1994) find about money management

A

They interviewed 1200 couples and found money management was always intended to put men in a better position

59
Q

What did Graham (1990) find out about money management

A

Husbands paid the majority of bills and spent remaining money on themselves

60
Q

What did cheap (2002) find about money management

A

Half of all couple in the UK pool their money

61
Q

What did Dunne (1997) find about cohabitating lesbian couples?
How many did he study?

A

Studied 37 cohabitating couples and found child responsibility and housework was shared because they are free ‘families of choice’

62
Q

What did Gabb (2005) find out about lesbian relationships

A

Found equality in lesbian relationships but identified a lack of status for the ‘other mother’ as they had no legal or social right for the child

63
Q

What did Saunders (1984) find out about gender in the home?

A

Women’s behaviour within the home is constrained by fear of men

64
Q

What did Devine (1992) find out about men and housework?

A

Because women are working men had to take on domestic work out of necessity

65
Q

What did Catherine Hakim (1995) argue about women?

A

Women can exploit men in the family and at work through their ‘erotic capital’
She coined preference theory

66
Q

What theory did Catherine Hakim coin?

A

Preference theory

67
Q

What did Hardhill et al find about the household decisions

A

Found male domination in family decisions but notes a shift toward Ethan relationships in couples where both partners worked

68
Q

What did Edgell find out about decisions in the household

A

Found that women made unimportant decisions and made made the infrequent but very important decisions

69
Q

What did Wilkinson find about the conjugal roles

A

Noted a genderquake which suggests roles between men and women are becoming more equal

70
Q

What did Pahl and Vogler (1989)

A

She interviewed 1200 GB couples and found men tended to be in charge of money

71
Q

What did James and Prout (1997) argue about childhood

A

Argue that childhood is socially constructed

72
Q

What did Phillip Aries (1962) argue about childhood

A

Argued that what children experience today as childhood is a recent social invention

73
Q

What did Clarke (2003) argue about childhood

A

Sometime between 1600 and the 20th Centuary the idea of childhood was ‘invented’ and what we now think of childhood would not have made sence to our ancestors

74
Q

What does Aries argue about children who turn age 7

A

Argues that as soon as girlfriend become independent, around age 7 they are treated no differently to adults for example children in medieval societies were treated as ‘miniature adults’ who took part in the same work and play grown ups

75
Q

Why does Pollock Critisize Aries about childhood

A

Criticises Aries for using limited and highly selective unrepresentative sources e.g paintings (subjective to artist + commissioned by wealthy elites)

76
Q

What does Pollock suggest sociologists need to do to gain valid data on childhood?

A

Sociologists need to examine qualitative data on parent/child relationships through diaries, autobiography’s and first hand accounts

77
Q

What does Heywood argue about childhood?

A

What people expect of Children today is very different compared with medieval times

78
Q

What does Chapman (2004) argue about childhood

A

It was not until the 19th centuary that childhood became socially constructed

79
Q

What does Chambers argue about childhood

A

The idea of a ‘protected or sheltered childhood’ became very popular in the late 19th centuary which was reflected in social policy which sought to regulate child labour

80
Q

What did Heywood argue about laws

A

Progress has been made in the protection of children, however inequalities between classes, region and ethnic groups continue to exist

81
Q

What does Lee argue about childhood

A

We are in an ‘age of uncertainty’ where children have independence but are still dependent on parents for many things
-children are viewed as “beings of their own right”

82
Q

What does Neil Postman argue about childhood?

A

Mass media has made the separation of adult life and childhood virtually impossible

83
Q

What does Phillips (1997) state about childhood

A

Culture of parenting in the UK has broken down and ‘innocence’ of childhood is undermined by:

  • liberal ideas giving children too many rights
  • bad outlook of parents applying negative sanctions such as smacking
84
Q

What does Phillips state about the media

A

The media and peer groups have become more influential than parents
-views media I.e magazines aimed at young girls as a problem because they encourage young girls to envisage themselves as sexual beings at a younger age

85
Q

Name some effects Phillips found due to the media affecting childhood

A

Increase in social problem such as suicide, eating disorders, self-harm, depression and substance abuse

86
Q

What does Sue Palmer say about childhood?

A
  • coined ‘toxic childhood’
  • discussed an ‘electronic village/babysitter’ which caused an increase in problems such as poor attention , language, more ADHD and dyslexia
  • talks about affect of TV in child’s room as they can’t conceptualise space/time
87
Q

What does Lister (1996) state about lone parents (conservative)

A

Love parents are denounced in ‘an orgy of lone parent bashing’

88
Q

What does Lewis (2001) argue about family types

Labour

A

They are carful not to condemn alternatives to the nuclear family

89
Q

Name a famous Tony Blair Quote

A

‘Work for those who can, security for those who can’t’

90
Q

Name a famous David Cameron quote

A

‘Marriage is key to a stable society ‘

91
Q

What book did Susan McRae (1999) write showing proof of a decline in the nuclear family

A

‘Changing Britain: Families and households in the 1990’s’

92
Q

What does Anthony Giddens state about divorce

A

Suggests that divorce allows the individual to contemplate on relationship and family rather than take them for granted

93
Q

What does Robert Chester argue about the nuclear family?

A

The nuclear family is still dominant and most people at some point in their lives will experience living in a nuclear family

94
Q

What does Anthony Giddens call the postmodern era

A

We live in an era of ‘late modernity’ characterised by choice and change, people have more freedom to try different identities and lifestyles

95
Q

What does Giddens argue about relationships in the late modernity

A

Relationships in the late modernity are increasingly based on confluent love -deep emotional intimacy in which partners reveal their needs and concerns

96
Q

What does Allen and Dowling (1999) argue about single mothers

A

Most single mothers did not choose to become pregnant, however they did chose to have the baby and raise it themselves

97
Q

What did Hanmer (1983) and Saunders (1984) find about females

A

Found that women’s behaviour inside the home is constrained by the fear of men

98
Q

What did Betsy Stanko (2000) find about the effect of the dark side of the family

A

Women throughout the countries she studied experienced considerable mental and psychological oppression and physical abuse

99
Q

What did Connors find about rape?

A

Few societies penalised rape in marriage, while some still excuses a man who killed his wife if he suspected adultary (decrease in dark side is ethnocentric)

100
Q

What did Lockhurst (1999) about the dark side of the family

A

Claimed we should accept the facts that violent behaviour can be perpetrated by any individual. However we don’t hear about violence against males as it is not reported

✅Sociology -family Trends booklet 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions