🔴✅☑️✅☑️✅Sociologists Flashcards

Question

What did Cockett and Tripp (1994) find in their Exeter study?

Answer 1

Discovered children of separated parents have a higher probability of experiencing poverty, poor housing, teenage pregnancy and low educational achievement

Answer 2

In most cases cohabitation is only a temporary phase and most of those who cohabit get married eventually

Answer 3

He found 41% of children live in a non traditional family (2012)

Answer 4

The ‘family’ is no longer useful to describe personal relationships in the 21st Century

Answer 5

Living alone is seen as the ‘cult of the individual’ not community’s

Answer 6

Living alone is seen as a mark of success amount young people e.g ‘creative singlehood’ trend

Answer 7

Identified extended families as ‘any group broader then the nuclear family which is related by marriage, decent or adoption’

Answer 8

He discovered that same sex families are not different to those brought up in heterosexual families

Answer 9

Marriage is now a matter of choice

Answer 10

He found divorce is easier to obtain & people feel less shame, people hold on to employment as an insurance against divorce (especially women)

Answer 11

In 1915 45% of GB workers employed in manufacturing, now the majority of work is in the service sector which need skills not physical strength

Answer 12

Marriage is in decline partly due to the welfare state

Answer 13

The welfare state had a serious damage on the institution of marriage because the benefits of the system has encouraged single parenthood at the expense of married parenthood

Answer 14

‘Relatively High divorce rates may be indicative of not lower but higher standards of marriage’

Answer 15

Trend towards confluent love which focuses on intamacy closeness and emotion not ‘till death do us part’ find satisfaction and fulfilment

Answer 16

Modern marriage is based on emotion and attachment and if this breaks down there isn’t much point in marriage

Answer 17

One reason for marital breakdown is conflict between spouses

Answer 18

It suff red an emotional overload which increases conflict between members

Answer 19

Modernism creates conflict between husband and wife as ther is a greater focus on the achievem rt of an individual

Answer 20

Rising divorce rates has led to the ‘normalisation of divorce which has made it acceptable

Answer 21

Unless women become economically independent their opportunities to divorce are severely restricted

Answer 22

There is a link between religion and divorce

Answer 23

There is a direct link between divorce and increase crime rates therefore we need to return to traditional family values

Answer 24

Low income and reliance on benefits are factors increasing divorce

Answer 25

Divorced families may themselves see it as an acceptable situation to marriage difficulties

Answer 26

Claimed the family is symmetrical as husband and wife have and equal role

Answer 27

Claimed that symmetry was a ‘myth’ as book ‘sociology of housework’ discovered women still had the prime responsibility of housework (72% of husband helped with the housework)

Answer 28

Women are oppressed by housework that has an exclusivity to womens non status work and economic dependence on males

Answer 29

Men did little around the house even if they are unemployed

Answer 30

He investigated the role of caring in the home and found women were taking a greater responsibility in childcare and men were reluctant to be involved with the ‘second shift’

Answer 31

52 couples

Answer 32

Coined the triple shift wher women complete emotional, physical and housework

Answer 33

The consequence of ‘caring relationships’ is the ‘new man’ through the change in conjugal roles

Answer 34

They interviewed 1200 couples and found money management was always intended to put men in a better position

Answer 35

Husbands paid the majority of bills and spent remaining money on themselves

Answer 36

Half of all couple in the UK pool their money

Answer 37

Studied 37 cohabitating couples and found child responsibility and housework was shared because they are free ‘families of choice’

Answer 38

Found equality in lesbian relationships but identified a lack of status for the ‘other mother’ as they had no legal or social right for the child

Answer 39

Women’s behaviour within the home is constrained by fear of men

Answer 40

Because women are working men had to take on domestic work out of necessity

Answer 41

Women can exploit men in the family and at work through their ‘erotic capital’ She coined preference theory

Answer 42

Preference theory

Answer 43

Found male domination in family decisions but notes a shift toward Ethan relationships in couples where both partners worked

Answer 44

Found that women made unimportant decisions and made made the infrequent but very important decisions

Answer 45

Noted a genderquake which suggests roles between men and women are becoming more equal

Answer 46

She interviewed 1200 GB couples and found men tended to be in charge of money

Answer 47

Argue that childhood is socially constructed

Answer 48

Argued that what children experience today as childhood is a recent social invention

Answer 49

Sometime between 1600 and the 20th Centuary the idea of childhood was ‘invented’ and what we now think of childhood would not have made sence to our ancestors

Answer 50

Argues that as soon as girlfriend become independent, around age 7 they are treated no differently to adults for example children in medieval societies were treated as ‘miniature adults’ who took part in the same work and play grown ups

Answer 51

Criticises Aries for using limited and highly selective unrepresentative sources e.g paintings (subjective to artist + commissioned by wealthy elites)

Answer 52

Sociologists need to examine qualitative data on parent/child relationships through diaries, autobiography’s and first hand accounts

Answer 53

What people expect of Children today is very different compared with medieval times

Answer 54

It was not until the 19th centuary that childhood became socially constructed

Answer 55

The idea of a ‘protected or sheltered childhood’ became very popular in the late 19th centuary which was reflected in social policy which sought to regulate child labour

Answer 56

Progress has been made in the protection of children, however inequalities between classes, region and ethnic groups continue to exist

Answer 57

We are in an ‘age of uncertainty’ where children have independence but are still dependent on parents for many things -children are viewed as “beings of their own right”

Answer 58

Mass media has made the separation of adult life and childhood virtually impossible

Answer 59

Culture of parenting in the UK has broken down and ‘innocence’ of childhood is undermined by: - liberal ideas giving children too many rights - bad outlook of parents applying negative sanctions such as smacking

Answer 60

The media and peer groups have become more influential than parents -views media I.e magazines aimed at young girls as a problem because they encourage young girls to envisage themselves as sexual beings at a younger age

Answer 61

Increase in social problem such as suicide, eating disorders, self-harm, depression and substance abuse

Answer 62

- coined ‘toxic childhood’ - discussed an ‘electronic village/babysitter’ which caused an increase in problems such as poor attention , language, more ADHD and dyslexia - talks about affect of TV in child’s room as they can’t conceptualise space/time

Answer 63

Love parents are denounced in ‘an orgy of lone parent bashing’

Answer 64

They are carful not to condemn alternatives to the nuclear family

Answer 65

‘Work for those who can, security for those who can’t’

Answer 66

‘Marriage is key to a stable society ‘

Answer 67

‘Changing Britain: Families and households in the 1990’s’

Answer 68

Suggests that divorce allows the individual to contemplate on relationship and family rather than take them for granted

Answer 69

The nuclear family is still dominant and most people at some point in their lives will experience living in a nuclear family

Answer 70

We live in an era of ‘late modernity’ characterised by choice and change, people have more freedom to try different identities and lifestyles

Answer 71

Relationships in the late modernity are increasingly based on confluent love -deep emotional intimacy in which partners reveal their needs and concerns

Answer 72

Most single mothers did not choose to become pregnant, however they did chose to have the baby and raise it themselves

Answer 73

Found that women’s behaviour inside the home is constrained by the fear of men

Answer 74

Women throughout the countries she studied experienced considerable mental and psychological oppression and physical abuse

Answer 75

Few societies penalised rape in marriage, while some still excuses a man who killed his wife if he suspected adultary (decrease in dark side is ethnocentric)

Answer 76

Claimed we should accept the facts that violent behaviour can be perpetrated by any individual. However we don’t hear about violence against males as it is not reported